1. GEOGLAM Update
Michel Deshayes, GEO Inbal Becker-Reshef, Alyssa Whitcraft, UMD
GEOGLAM Working Group CEOS SIT-29 Side Meeting
CNES, Toulouse, France 9th-10th April 2014

2. GEOGLAM Activities 3 Components + 3 Cross Cutting Components
6. Data, products and INFORMATION DISSEMINATION
5. METHOD IMPROVEMENT through R&D coordination (JECAM)
4. EO DATA COORDINATION
Stakeholders
Governments
AMIS
FAO

3. GEOGLAM & CEOS Collaboration Phased Implementation Approach
Phased approach developed by GEOGLAM Ad-Hoc Team mandated Nov. 2012, refined March/June 2013
Subsequent, overlapping phases
Phase 1 ( ): focuses on foundation activities, building on existing activities & pilot projects for a few countries, scoping out the programme, & establishing requirts
Phase 2 ( ): reviews and expands P1 activities with new starts
Phase 3 ( ): the last building pre-operational phase with the completion of P1/P2 projects and geographical expansion;
Phase 4 (late 2017 onward): the operational phase

4. Main Component #1 activities
GEOGLAM Activities
Main Component #1 activities
Crop Monitor: Coordinated Global Crop Assessments (4 main crops, ~30 main producers)
Monthly operational report to AMIS (G-20 Agricultural Market Information System, with secretariat hosted at FAO)
Synthesizes monitoring activities and provides consensus global crop assessments (Coordinated by UMD with NASA support)
Participating Agencies include:
USDA NASS (National Agricultural Statistics Service) & FAS (Foreign Agricultural Service)
EC-JRC MARS (Monitoring Agricultural Resources) & Agri4Cast (Agricultural Forecasts)
China: RADI-CAS CropWatch
Russia VEGA (Satellite based service for vegetation monitoring)
India: FASAL (Forecasting Agriculture using Space, Agro-met. & Land based observations) & NADAMS (National Agricultural Drought Assessment & Monitoring System)
Canada: NCMS (National Crop Monitoring System)…
Brazil: CONAB GeoSafras
Japan + China + INDIA + ASEAN: ASIA-RiCE project
Other countries: Australia, Mexico, Argentina, South Africa…

5. Main Component #2 – Capacity Building
GEOGLAM activities
Main Component #2 – Capacity Building
On-going national projects
Argentina (INTA - UMD - NASA)
Pakistan (CRS – SUPARCO – FAO - UMD – NASA)
Ukraine (IKD – HydroMet - EC)
South Africa (NEOSS – ARS)…
Main Component #3 – Countries at Risk
On-going international monitoring Projects
FAO GIEWS (Global Information & Early Warning System)
US FEWSNET (Famine Early Warning System)
EC MARS Food Security Bulletins
China CropWatch Drought & Food security activities…
Cross Cutting Component R&D – JECAM
Objective: to reach a convergence of approaches, develop monitoring & reporting protocols and best practices for a variety of global agricultural systems
About 40 test-sites on all continents!
Add some images – reduce text

6. Present use of EO data in GEOGLAM projects
EO data for Component #1 – Global Crop Monitoring for AMIS
GEOGLAM Monthly Crop Monitor
Wheat, Maize, Soy
Use of low resolution optical data (MODIS), together with Met data (GCOM-W, TRMM…) and with moderate resolution crop type masks
CEOS data used to-date : Optical Low Res, Optical Moderate Res
Future: sampled optical high resolution ; microwave SAR
Rice
Rice regions: China, India, South-East Asia (90% world prod. & consumption)
South-East Asia : up to 3 rice crops/year, important cloud cover (intertropical region)
Rice monitoring, using AgroMet data (GCOM-W, TRMM…) & local experts
Asian collaborative network, coordinated by JAXA (S. Sobue)
CEOS data used to-date : Optical Low Res. (OLR) ; microwave SAR (just starting)

7. C#1 – Crop Monitor – AMIS countries

8. AMIS members: 80%-90% World Production & Exports
Wheat production
2012 – 2014 average
Maize production
2012 – 2014 average
Soybean production
2012 – 2014 average
Wheat Exports
2012 – 2014 average
Maize Exports
2012 – 2014 average
Soybean Exports
2012 – 2014 average
Rice Exports
2012 – 2014 average

9. GEOGLAM Crop Monitor in AMIS Market Monitor
October
November
December
September
Examples of the Crop Monitor publications, which is published once a month within the G-20 AMIS Market Monitor Bulletin
Operational GEOGLAM Global Crop Condition Assessments published monthly within the G-20 AMIS Market Monitor Bulletin

10. Present use of EO data in GEOGLAM projects
EO data for Component #2 – Capacity Building
National CB projects based on:
Optical Low (MODIS), Moderate (TM), High (Spot, RapidEye) resolution data, together with AgroMet info, used in Crop Yield Forecast Models, with local experts
Argentina, Ukraine, Morocco, South Africa, Ethiopia…
CEOS data : optical low / medium / high resolution (Free-of-Charge + Commercial)
ASIA-RiCE project, a multi-national rice- monitoring project:
for 8 ASEAN countries, with JAXA coordination & participation of India & China
CEOS : from Autumn 2013, use of SAR data (Scan à HiPrec. modes) for national & sub-natl Crop area assessment & Crop yield forecast, obt. Through CEOS
EO data for Component #3 – Countries at Risk
Early Warning Systems based on:
Multi-source information: AgroMet & Optical Low Resolution data, moderate and high resolution + expertise

11. C#2-CB – ex. Pakistan: Strengthening Provincial Capacity (collaboration between USDA, FAO, SUPARCO, CRS Pakistan, & UMD)
Training Workshops

12. C#2-CB – ex. Use of SAR data for Rice Monitoring
Examples of products obtained from multitemporal SAR data
Use of 10 CosmoSkymed scenes / 4.5 months, Autumn-Winter 2013 crop An Giang test-site (Vietnam) :
August:19; September: 4, 20 ; October: 6, 14, 22, 30; November: 7, 15, 23 
2013
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
10 CosmoSkymed acquisitions
Intensive measurements
Extensive measurements

13. C#2-CB – ex. Use of SAR data for Rice Monitoring
Two experiments, same scattering physics
An Giang (Vietnam), Aug-Oct 2013
CosmoSkymed, X band SAR
tillering
2-3 leaves
stem
extension
Camargue (France), 1988
X band airborne SAR
30 cm
10 cm
Angle : 50-55°
70cm
30 cm
4 Sept.
19 August
70 cm
20 Sept.
6 Oct.
18 Oct.
Conclusion: AgMon needs multidate imagery (opt-SAR) within same growing season

14. C#2-CB – ex. Use of SAR data for Rice Monitoring
Rice mapping
Map of rice fields Season-1_2014
Single-date vs 2-dates
White: Fields detected with one date only (Jan 26)
Green: additional fields detected with 2nd image (Feb 11)
With 2 dates, 26/01 & 11/02, almost all rice fields in Thoai Son and Chau Thanh have been detected
Season_1
Season_2
Season_3
Conclusion: AgMon needs multidate imagery (opt-SAR) within same growing season

15. C3-C@R – ex. Monitoring of Horn of Africa

16. R&D Component – JECAM
JECAM study sites represent many of the world’s main cropping systems
Over 30 sites currently exist or are in development. Several new sites associated with EC FP7 SIGMA Project.

17. CEOS Support - JECAM Data Requests (2013)17 17 17 17

18. Provides clear indication of the impact of CEOS support
JECAM Summary Phase 1
JECAM, foundation of GEOGLAM R&D component
JECAM requirements now part of GEOGLAM requirements
2013 Annual Report delivered yesterday
23 sites reporting
State of the Science for Ag Monitoring (Crop Area, Crop Cond, Yield Forecast, Soil Moisture, Management Practices)
A rich set of scientific results, produced by expert teams around the world, in a wide variety of geographic settings and cropping systems, available for sharing and definition of ‘best practices’
Provides clear indication of the impact of CEOS support 18

19. JECAM Proposed Way Forward - Phase 2
Better coordinating in-situ & satellite data for sharing across sites
Define and create minimum in-situ & EO data sets
Subset of JECAM sites TBD (willing, able, and representative)
Medium to High Res Imagery data sets (i.e. RapidEye; Landsat, Sentinel 1&2, Radarsat 2, TerraSAR-X, MODIS, etc) TBD
In-situ data sets (create standards – Defourny)
Open data licenses to share between all JECAM sites
Find data management solution (discovery, access) – SDMS ?
Link with Space Data Management System (SDMS)
GFOI, first user of SDMS
JECAM second user : 4-5 JECAM sites to be identified 19

20. Component #4: Coordination of EO Data
Requirements established to meet many target products
Candidate missions identified
Phase 1 is ongoing – foundation activities successful

21. Revisit Frequency Required (RFR) for:
Reasonably clear view every 8 days during Agric. Growing Season
Over all sizes of fields
Sample (prefer cropland extent [shown])
Most months or areas require day revisit
Best Case
22-31% of cells need only an 8-day revisit (RFR = 8)
44-55% of cells have RFR <4 days
Best Case
RFR for Final Percentage Clear >= 70%
Worst Case
74-92% of cells have RFR <4 days
Worst Case
38-60% of cells have RFR <2 days
RFR for Completely Clear View
Source: Whitcraft et al. (UMD)

22. Strengthening the CEOS-GEOGLAM Relationship
Next Steps
Strengthening the CEOS-GEOGLAM Relationship
CEOS data coordination are crucial for GEOGLAM implementation!
Ad hoc Team is making good progress at forging two communities
So far:
Requirements established
Candidate missions to meet requirements identified
Next:
Formalize process of translating requirements into data requests
Data distribution system – e.g. NASA SDMS, ESRI, etc.
Track data - requests from GEOGLAM, coordination by CEOS, data use by GEOGLAM
EO Data
HiRes or Very HiRes Optical data (Ikonos, Worldview, Quickbird, RapidEye..)
HiRes SAR data (CosmoSkymed, Radarsat, TerraSAR-X…)