1. Future Defence Aviation Safety Regulation Module 2 EMAR Part 21 – Aircraft Design, Certification and Production
May 2015

2. Module 2: EMAR Part 21 – Design, Certification, Production
Scope
Module 2: EMAR Part 21 – Design, Certification, Production
Overview of Part 21
Organisational approvals (Subparts G, F, J)
Expansion on other Subparts (A, B, D, E, H, O, P)
Key definitions
Organisational Responsibilities

3. EMAR Structure

4. EMAR Part 21 Overview Initial Airworthiness Key differences to TAREG
Design, Production and Certification
Airworthiness Instruments
Change to existing type design
Includes Aircraft and related products, parts and appliances
Key differences to TAREG
Contains all elements supporting initial airworthiness
Does not cover activities supporting continuing airworthiness (eg configuration item regulations)
EMAR 21: Continued Airworthiness - establishes the criteria for the certification of military aircraft and related products, parts and appliances, and design and production organisations, It details the requirements related to the initial airworthiness of Military aircraft. In particular it covers the certification of either a new type, or a change to an existing type, its design and related activities.

5. EMAR Part 21 Section A contents by Subpart
A – General provisions
B – Military Type-Certificates and Military Restricted Type-Certificates
C – (Not applicable)
D – Changes to Military Type-Certificates and Military Restricted Type-Certificates
E – Military Supplemental Type-Certificates
F – Production without Military Production Organisation Approval
G – Military Production Organisation Approval
H – Military Certificates of Airworthiness and Military Restricted Certificates of Airworthiness
I – Noise Certificates (to be added later if required)
J – Military Design Organisation Approval
K – Parts and Appliances
L – (Not applicable)
M – Repairs
N – (Not applicable)
O – European Military Technical Standard Order Authorisations
P – Permit to Fly
Q – Identification of Products, Parts and Appliances
KEY DEFINITIONS
Source: EMAD 1 – Definitions and acronyms document Edn 1.1, 23 May 13
Airworthiness. The ability of an aircraft, or other airborne equipment or system, to operate in flight and on ground without significant hazard to aircrew, ground-crew, passengers (where relevant) or to other third parties.
Initial airworthiness
Airworthiness Codes. Product airworthiness requirements, applicable to the design of a product, that are approved by a competent airworthiness authority for the use with standardised aircraft categories (e.g. EASA CS, FAA FAR, STANAG, Def-STAN, etc.).
Authority. Unless otherwise defined in specific EMAR, Authority means a National Military Airworthiness Authority responsible for the airworthiness of military aircraft hereto and "the Authorities" means all the military Authorities responsible for airworthiness hereto.
Airworthiness Directive (AD). A document issued or adopted by the authority which mandates actions to be performed on an aircraft to restore an acceptable level of safety, when evidence shows that the safety level of this aircraft may otherwise be compromised. (ref. EMAR 21)
Certificate of Release to Service. This is a statement, signed by an appropriately authorised person, on behalf of an approved organisation, which asserts that maintenance has been properly carried-out. The CRS contains the basic details of the maintenance carried out, the date that it was completed and the identity (may include an authorisation stamp) of the person issuing the certificate.
Certification. Recognition that a product, part or appliance, organisation or person complies with the applicable airworthiness requirements followed by the declaration of compliance.
Continued (design) airworthiness. All tasks to be carried-out to verify that the conditions under which a type-certificate or a supplemental type-certificate has been granted continue to be fulfilled at any time during its period of validity.
Continuing airworthiness. All of the processes ensuring that, at any time in its operating life, the aircraft complies with the airworthiness requirements in force and is in a condition for safe operation.
Derogation. Built in exemptions.
Exposition. Management plan. The document or documents that contain the material specifying the scope of work deemed to constitute approval and showing how the organisation complies with an EMAR.
Fit for Flight. Condition of a type design being certified as compliant with applicable airworthiness requirements as well as of an aircraft having been serviced and inspected as meeting the certified design and prepared for the intended flight.
Military Type Certificate (MTC). Recognition that a product complies with the applicable airworthiness requirements.
Military Supplemental Type Certificate. A document issued or endorsed by the Authority which certifies a major change to the type design by an organisation other than original design organisation.
Products, Parts and Appliances
Product = aircraft, engine or propeller (each can be granted with a TC),
Parts and appliances = lower level components for which an ETSO/TSO may exist.
Repair. A 'repair' means the elimination of damage and/or restoration to an airworthy condition following initial release into service by the manufacturer of any product, part or appliance.
Special Conditions. Are introduced when the design features of a particular product or the experience in operation render any of the airworthiness code provisions inadequate or inappropriate to ensure conformity with essential requirements.
Type Certificate Holder. The organisation responsible for the relevant Type Design and applying for, and then holding, the Type Certificate and accepting the rights and obligations for the product.
Type Certification Basis. An agreed set of airworthiness requirements a product must be compliant with in order to obtain a Type Certificate. For more details see EMAR 21.
Type Design. The minimum set of approved design information necessary to define the product type; as detailed in 21A.31.

6. EMAR Part 21 Section A contents by Subpart
A – General provisions
B – Military Type-Certificates and Military Restricted Type-Certificates
C – (Not applicable)
D – Changes to Military Type-Certificates and Military Restricted Type-Certificates
E – Military Supplemental Type-Certificates
F – Production without Military Production Organisation Approval
G – Military Production Organisation Approval
H – Military Certificates of Airworthiness and Military Restricted Certificates of Airworthiness
I – Noise Certificates (to be added later if required)
J – Military Design Organisation Approval
K – Parts and Appliances
L – (Not applicable)
M – Repairs
N – (Not applicable)
O – European Military Technical Standard Order Authorisations
P – Permit to Fly
Q – Identification of Products, Parts and Appliances
KEY DEFINITIONS
Source: EMAD 1 – Definitions and acronyms document Edn 1.1, 23 May 13
Airworthiness. The ability of an aircraft, or other airborne equipment or system, to operate in flight and on ground without significant hazard to aircrew, ground-crew, passengers (where relevant) or to other third parties.
Initial airworthiness
Airworthiness Codes. Product airworthiness requirements, applicable to the design of a product, that are approved by a competent airworthiness authority for the use with standardised aircraft categories (e.g. EASA CS, FAA FAR, STANAG, Def-STAN, etc.).
Authority. Unless otherwise defined in specific EMAR, Authority means a National Military Airworthiness Authority responsible for the airworthiness of military aircraft hereto and "the Authorities" means all the military Authorities responsible for airworthiness hereto.
Airworthiness Directive (AD). A document issued or adopted by the authority which mandates actions to be performed on an aircraft to restore an acceptable level of safety, when evidence shows that the safety level of this aircraft may otherwise be compromised. (ref. EMAR 21)
Certificate of Release to Service. This is a statement, signed by an appropriately authorised person, on behalf of an approved organisation, which asserts that maintenance has been properly carried-out. The CRS contains the basic details of the maintenance carried out, the date that it was completed and the identity (may include an authorisation stamp) of the person issuing the certificate.
Certification. Recognition that a product, part or appliance, organisation or person complies with the applicable airworthiness requirements followed by the declaration of compliance.
Continued (design) airworthiness. All tasks to be carried-out to verify that the conditions under which a type-certificate or a supplemental type-certificate has been granted continue to be fulfilled at any time during its period of validity.
Continuing airworthiness. All of the processes ensuring that, at any time in its operating life, the aircraft complies with the airworthiness requirements in force and is in a condition for safe operation.
Derogation. Built in exemptions.
Exposition. Management plan. The document or documents that contain the material specifying the scope of work deemed to constitute approval and showing how the organisation complies with an EMAR.
Fit for Flight. Condition of a type design being certified as compliant with applicable airworthiness requirements as well as of an aircraft having been serviced and inspected as meeting the certified design and prepared for the intended flight.
Military Type Certificate (MTC). Recognition that a product complies with the applicable airworthiness requirements.
Military Supplemental Type Certificate. A document issued or endorsed by the Authority which certifies a major change to the type design by an organisation other than original design organisation.
Products, Parts and Appliances
Product = aircraft, engine or propeller (each can be granted with a TC),
Parts and appliances = lower level components for which an ETSO/TSO may exist.
Repair. A 'repair' means the elimination of damage and/or restoration to an airworthy condition following initial release into service by the manufacturer of any product, part or appliance.
Special Conditions. Are introduced when the design features of a particular product or the experience in operation render any of the airworthiness code provisions inadequate or inappropriate to ensure conformity with essential requirements.
Type Certificate Holder. The organisation responsible for the relevant Type Design and applying for, and then holding, the Type Certificate and accepting the rights and obligations for the product.
Type Certification Basis. An agreed set of airworthiness requirements a product must be compliant with in order to obtain a Type Certificate. For more details see EMAR 21.
Type Design. The minimum set of approved design information necessary to define the product type; as detailed in 21A.31.

7. Organisational Approvals
EMAR 21 - SUBPART G
Military Production Organisational Approval (MPOA)
Rules for showing compliance of products, parts, appliance with applicable design data through an approved organisation
Established and maintained quality system
Release artefacts
Complete aircraft: Statement of Conformity
Parts and appliances: Authorised Release Certificate
Production Organisation Exposition
No design privileges associated with this subpart
Key differences to TAREG
TAREG do not regulate production organisations

8. Organisational Approvals
EMAR 21 – SUBPART F
Production without military production organisation approval (MPOA)
Details procedure for demonstrating conformity with Subpart G without having gained the formal MPOA
Production Inspection System, not independent quality system
Valid for 12 months
E.g. producing/installing simple parts for a modification upgrade, for which production organisational approval considered too costly
Key differences to TAREG
TAREG do not regulate production organisations
Limited production regulations (3.5.19) – sustainment, design/modification context

9. Organisational Approvals
EMAR 21 - SUBPART J
Military Design Organisation Approval (MDOA)
Procedure for approval
Design assurance system
Design Organisation Exposition
Ability to classify designs and repairs (major or minor)
Privileges (scope, e.g approval of minor changes to type design)
Obligations of the holder
Key differences to TAREG
EMAR do not contain prescriptive Design Control System elements (such as Judgement of Significance, levels of EA), nor Design Acceptance, Incorporation Approval (IA) or Service Release (SR).
Intent of these functions are addressed through distinct MTC holder responsibilities, clearer organisational and individual accountabilities and introduction of CAMO (IA and SR)

10. EMAT Part 21 Section A contents by Subpart
Key Definitions
EMAT Part 21 Section A contents by Subpart
A – General provisions
B – Military Type-Certificates and Military Restricted Type-Certificates
C – (Not applicable)
D – Changes to Military Type-Certificates and Military Restricted Type-Certificates
E – Military Supplemental Type-Certificates
F – Production without Military Production Organisation Approval
G – Military Production Organisation Approval
H – Military Certificates of Airworthiness and Military Restricted Certificates of Airworthiness
I – Noise Certificates (to be added later if required)
J – Military Design Organisation Approval
K – Parts and Appliances
L – (Not applicable)
M – Repairs
N – (Not applicable)
O – European Military Technical Standard Order Authorisations
P – Permit to Fly
Q – Identification of Products, Parts and Appliances
KEY DEFINITIONS
Source: EMAD 1 – Definitions and acronyms document Edn 1.1, 23 May 13
Airworthiness. The ability of an aircraft, or other airborne equipment or system, to operate in flight and on ground without significant hazard to aircrew, ground-crew, passengers (where relevant) or to other third parties.
Initial airworthiness
Airworthiness Codes. Product airworthiness requirements, applicable to the design of a product, that are approved by a competent airworthiness authority for the use with standardised aircraft categories (e.g. EASA CS, FAA FAR, STANAG, Def-STAN, etc.).
Authority. Unless otherwise defined in specific EMAR, Authority means a National Military Airworthiness Authority responsible for the airworthiness of military aircraft hereto and "the Authorities" means all the military Authorities responsible for airworthiness hereto.
Airworthiness Directive (AD). A document issued or adopted by the authority which mandates actions to be performed on an aircraft to restore an acceptable level of safety, when evidence shows that the safety level of this aircraft may otherwise be compromised. (ref. EMAR 21)
Certificate of Release to Service. This is a statement, signed by an appropriately authorised person, on behalf of an approved organisation, which asserts that maintenance has been properly carried-out. The CRS contains the basic details of the maintenance carried out, the date that it was completed and the identity (may include an authorisation stamp) of the person issuing the certificate.
Certification. Recognition that a product, part or appliance, organisation or person complies with the applicable airworthiness requirements followed by the declaration of compliance.
Continued (design) airworthiness. All tasks to be carried-out to verify that the conditions under which a type-certificate or a supplemental type-certificate has been granted continue to be fulfilled at any time during its period of validity.
Continuing airworthiness. All of the processes ensuring that, at any time in its operating life, the aircraft complies with the airworthiness requirements in force and is in a condition for safe operation.
Derogation. Built in exemptions.
Exposition. Management plan. The document or documents that contain the material specifying the scope of work deemed to constitute approval and showing how the organisation complies with an EMAR.
Fit for Flight. Condition of a type design being certified as compliant with applicable airworthiness requirements as well as of an aircraft having been serviced and inspected as meeting the certified design and prepared for the intended flight.
Military Type Certificate (MTC). Recognition that a product complies with the applicable airworthiness requirements.
Military Supplemental Type Certificate. A document issued or endorsed by the Authority which certifies a major change to the type design by an organisation other than original design organisation.
Products, Parts and Appliances
Product = aircraft, engine or propeller (each can be granted with a TC),
Parts and appliances = lower level components for which an ETSO/TSO may exist.
Repair. A 'repair' means the elimination of damage and/or restoration to an airworthy condition following initial release into service by the manufacturer of any product, part or appliance.
Special Conditions. Are introduced when the design features of a particular product or the experience in operation render any of the airworthiness code provisions inadequate or inappropriate to ensure conformity with essential requirements.
Type Certificate Holder. The organisation responsible for the relevant Type Design and applying for, and then holding, the Type Certificate and accepting the rights and obligations for the product.
Type Certification Basis. An agreed set of airworthiness requirements a product must be compliant with in order to obtain a Type Certificate. For more details see EMAR 21.
Type Design. The minimum set of approved design information necessary to define the product type; as detailed in 21A.31.

11. EMAR 21 - SUBPART A Other Subparts General Provisions
Requirements to manage failures, malfunctions and defects
Airworthiness Directives
Coordination between design and production
Key differences to Defence airworthiness regs
EMAR (and the rest of the world) use ADs for the Authority to mandate actions to be performed to restore an aircraft to acceptable level of safety.
Defence use ADs to issues airworthiness policy or as an instrument to support flight operations
Airworthiness Directive used very differently in Defence compared to the rest of the global aviation community. Rest of the world uses Airworthiness Directives as meaning a document issued or adopted by the Authority which mandates actions to be performed on an aircraft to restore an acceptable level of safety. This is never the way it is used in Defence. AD have been used in Defence to issue airworthiness policy/ draft airworthiness regulations  (eg Crash Protection / Crash Data Recorder), airworthiness instrument supporting flight operations (eg AD supporting JSF).

12. EMAR 21 - SUBPART B & E Other Subparts
SUBPART E: Military type-certificates (MTCs) and military restricted type-certificates (MRTCs)
Procedure for issuing:
MTC for products (Aircraft, Engines, Propellers)
MRTC for aircraft
MRTC used to support military aviation operations prior to completion of all certification elements
Airworthiness codes (EMACC)
Type-cert basis
Certification Program Plan
MTC holder obligations
Instructions for continuing airworthiness

13. EMAR 21 - SUBPART B & E Other Subparts
SUBPART E: Supplemental Type Certificates
A major change to Type Design is proposed and :
Applicant is not the Military Type Certificate Holder
Key differences to TAREG
EMAR less prescriptive
EMAR require identification of a MTC Holder and regulate associated obligations for continuing validity of the Type Certificate
Defence TRF does not contain an aw code – instead AAP ADRM

14. Other Subparts
EMAR 21 - SUBPART D
Changes to military type-certificates and military restricted type-certificates
Procedure for approval of changes to type designs and type-cert
Classification of changes
Major and minor changes (GM is comprehensive)
Airworthiness codes
Design Approval
Instructions for continuing airworthiness

15. EMAR 21 - SUBPART H Other Subparts
Military certificates of airworthiness and military restricted certificates of airworthiness
Procedure for issuing airworthiness certificates applicable to a MTC or a MRTC
Key differences to TAREG
Defence airworthiness regs use Special Flight Permits prior to issuing AMTC/SR & Certificates of Airworthiness
Defence airworthiness regs do not allow issue of a certificate of airworthiness under SFP. Instead “draft” Certificate of Airworthiness often used to support DAR attestation to load aircraft on Defence State Register

16. Organisational Approvals
EMAR 21 - SUBPART O
Technical Standard Order (FAA)
A TSO is a minimum performance standard for specified materials, parts, and appliances used on civil aircraft.
A TSO Authorization is not an approval to install and use the article in the aircraft
European Military technical standard order authorisations (EMTSO)
Procedure for issuing EMTSO authorisations
TSO covers design and production approval
Declaration of Design and Performance (DDP) – akin to a TCDS
Key differences to TAREG
TAREG do not regulate in this area. Implicitly cover TSO / Military TSO through substitution (3.5.7) and certification processes (design emphasis only).

17. EMAR 21 - SUBPART P Other Subparts Military permit to fly
Procedure for issuing military permits to fly
Approving flight conditions, eg Flight Test, Exhibition, Ferry
Can be issued for aircraft that do not meet or have not been shown to meet applicable airworthiness requirements but are capable of safe flight.
Key differences to Defence airworthiness regs
No direct equivalent
Similarities to some uses of a Special Flight Permit, Airworthiness Directive, Flight Test Permit

18. Key Definitions Key Definitions Airworthiness Airworthiness Codes
Authority
Airworthiness Directive (AD)
Certificate of Release to Service
Certification
Continued (design) airworthiness
Continuing airworthiness
Derogation
Exposition
Fit for Flight
Military Type Certificate (MTC)
Military Restricted Type Certificate (MRTC)
Military Supplemental Type Certificate
Products, Parts and Appliances
Repair
Special Conditions
Type Certification Basis
Type Certificate Holder
Type Design
KEY DEFINITIONS
Source: EMAD 1 – Definitions and acronyms document Edn 1.1, 23 May 13
Airworthiness. The ability of an aircraft, or other airborne equipment or system, to operate in flight and on ground without significant hazard to aircrew, ground-crew, passengers (where relevant) or to other third parties.
Initial airworthiness
Airworthiness Codes. Product airworthiness requirements, applicable to the design of a product, that are approved by a competent airworthiness authority for the use with standardised aircraft categories (e.g. EASA CS, FAA FAR, STANAG, Def-STAN, etc.).
Authority. Unless otherwise defined in specific EMAR, Authority means a National Military Airworthiness Authority responsible for the airworthiness of military aircraft hereto and "the Authorities" means all the military Authorities responsible for airworthiness hereto.
Airworthiness Directive (AD). A document issued or adopted by the authority which mandates actions to be performed on an aircraft to restore an acceptable level of safety, when evidence shows that the safety level of this aircraft may otherwise be compromised. (ref. EMAR 21)
Certificate of Release to Service. This is a statement, signed by an appropriately authorised person, on behalf of an approved organisation, which asserts that maintenance has been properly carried-out. The CRS contains the basic details of the maintenance carried out, the date that it was completed and the identity (may include an authorisation stamp) of the person issuing the certificate.
Certification. Recognition that a product, part or appliance, organisation or person complies with the applicable airworthiness requirements followed by the declaration of compliance.
Continued (design) airworthiness. All tasks to be carried-out to verify that the conditions under which a type-certificate or a supplemental type-certificate has been granted continue to be fulfilled at any time during its period of validity.
Continuing airworthiness. All of the processes ensuring that, at any time in its operating life, the aircraft complies with the airworthiness requirements in force and is in a condition for safe operation.
Derogation. Built in exemptions.
Exposition. Management plan. The document or documents that contain the material specifying the scope of work deemed to constitute approval and showing how the organisation complies with an EMAR.
Fit for Flight. Condition of a type design being certified as compliant with applicable airworthiness requirements as well as of an aircraft having been serviced and inspected as meeting the certified design and prepared for the intended flight.
Military Type Certificate (MTC). Recognition that a product complies with the applicable airworthiness requirements.
Military Supplemental Type Certificate. A document issued or endorsed by the Authority which certifies a major change to the type design by an organisation other than original design organisation.
Products, Parts and Appliances
Product = aircraft, engine or propeller (each can be granted with a TC),
Parts and appliances = lower level components for which an ETSO/TSO may exist.
Repair. A 'repair' means the elimination of damage and/or restoration to an airworthy condition following initial release into service by the manufacturer of any product, part or appliance.
Special Conditions. Are introduced when the design features of a particular product or the experience in operation render any of the airworthiness code provisions inadequate or inappropriate to ensure conformity with essential requirements.
Type Certificate Holder. The organisation responsible for the relevant Type Design and applying for, and then holding, the Type Certificate and accepting the rights and obligations for the product.
Type Certification Basis. An agreed set of airworthiness requirements a product must be compliant with in order to obtain a Type Certificate. For more details see EMAR 21.
Type Design. The minimum set of approved design information necessary to define the product type; as detailed in 21A.31.

19. Organisational Responsibilities
Current Organisation under TAREG
Possible organisation under EMAR 21/145/M
Notes
AEO
Approved Design Organisation
Design
Certification
Possibility for some personnel performing CAMO functions in SPO’s to move into CAMO
No single organisation
Continuing Airworthiness Management Organisation (CAMO)
Aircraft Configuration Management
Maintenance System (approved data)
Management/selection of designs onto platform(s)
CAMO created. CAMO responsible for continuing airworthiness. Some CAMO tasks currently performed by SPO / Through Life Support Contractors (Lean SPO) SQN’s. For RAAF, could be within FEG
AMO
Some current AMO tasks may become the responsibility of the CAMO (refer above) 

20. Airworthiness Instruments
CURRENT INSTRUMENTS (MILAVREG 3) PROPOSED INSTRUMENTS (EASA)
Current
Instrument
Issued By
Issued To
AMTC
Defence AA
NIL
UASOP
DAA / OAA
STC
SFP
FTP
FTAA
Flight Test Organisation AD
Various SR
DASR
Instrument
Replaces
Issued By
Issued To
MTC
AMTC
Defence AA
Part 21 (MTC Holder)
Military Restricted Type Cert (MRTC)
SFP
UASOP
Defence AA[1]
STC
Permit to Fly (PTF)
FTP
AD[2]
Defence AA / FTAA
MAOC Holder / Flight Test Organisation
MAOC SR
MAOC Holder
AD[3]
Nil
DGTA
CAMO
[1] Issue of an MRTC for a UAS may be delegated to Force Element / Senior Operational Commander
[2] AD is retained but used to advise immediate safety issues that must be addressed, vice authorising flight or new policy
[3] EMAR Definition of AD: A document issued or adopted by the authority which mandates actions to be performed on an aircraft to restore an acceptable level of safety, when evidence shows that the safety level of this aircraft may otherwise be compromised.

21. Questions/Discussion?