1. Science Everything we know went through a testing process
Experimental Design, Scientific Process, Scientific Method

3. Observation vs. Inference
Observation: can be made with only the five senses (sight, touch, hear, taste, and smell)
Observations not guesses, assumptions or opinion.
Inference: logical assumption based off of prior knowledge or after very limited observation

4. Two types of observations:
Qualitative observation
descriptions
observed (not measured)
Ex. Colors, textures, smells, tastes, appearance, etc.
Qualitative → Quality
Quantitative observation
numbers
measured
Ex. Length, height, area, volume, weight, speed, time, temperature, humidity, sound levels, etc.
Quantitative → Quantity 

5. Observation or Inference?
It is blue.

6. Observation or Inference?
It is old.

7. Observation or Inference?
It must be a ball.

8. Observation or Inference?
There are 9 tentacles.

9. Hypothesis
Educated prediction made from various observations- It is NOT guess!
Useful only if it can be tested.
If I do this (manipulated variable), then I think this will happen (responding variable) because………

10. The Experiment: experimental design
Setting up an experiment
Control group (generally what is “normal”)
Controlled variables
Experimental group
Variables:
Manipulated variable (independent variable)
Responding variable (dependent variable)

11. Why only have one manipulated variable per experiment?

12. Data collection Large sample size Use of a data table
Variables easy to identify
Measurable results
Outliers can cause data distortion
How can you recognize outliers?
Multiple trials give most accurate results

13. After an experiment is complete:
Results, more testing, new hypotheses, more experiments, more results…and on and on
work is usually published
Peer review process- Experiments must be successfully repeated by other scientists
After many years, after many scientists, lots of supporting evidence, new theories are accepted
Atomic Theory
Cell theory
Germ Theory

14. Theory vs Law Law Theory Explains one topic
No longer adding evidence to laws
Theory
Explains a multiple hypotheses
Unifies evidence from multiple studies
Continually adding evidence to theories