1. Chapter 19.2 (Pgs. 546-551): Patterns and Processes of Evolution

2. Microevolution* Is evolution that happens on a small scale
Includes natural selection and genetic drift
Can involve the speciation of a few species from a common ancestor

3. Macroevolution
Is large changes in anatomy and behavior over long periods of time
Is the evolution of many new species from an ancient ancestor

5. Extinction
Occurs when an organism is no longer fit for its environment
Background extinction is a normal extinction rate of species
Mass extinction is the extinction of a large number of species at one time
Usually due to a natural disaster or rapidly changing climate conditions

6. Rate of Evolution
Can change for different organisms at different periods in time
Gradualism
Slow, steady changes accumulate over time
Punctuated Equilibrium
Long periods of very slow change are punctuated by periods of rapid change

7. Adaptive Radiation
A single or a few species rapidly evolves into many new species
Can occur when a species migrates into a new area
Can occur after extinction, and new habitats have become available