1. So you don’t have to write so many zeros…Yay!
Scientific Notation
So you don’t have to write so many zeros…Yay!

2. Standard vs, Scientific
Standard Notation: no exponents:
Ex. 102, ,000,000,000
Scientific Notation: has exponents:
Ex. 2.3x x x1023

3. Of Course There Are Rules!
A positive exponent represents a number bigger than 1.
Ex. 3.8x104 = 38,000
4x102 = 400

4. Of Course There Are Rules!
2. A negative exponent represents a number smaller than 1.
Ex. 9.2x10-3 =
4x10-2 = 0.04

5. Of Course There Are Rules!
3. An exponent of 0 does not change the number because 100=1:
Ex. 2.3x100 = 2.3 x 1 = 2.3
1.6x100 = 1.6
5.8x100 = 5.8

6. From Standard to Scientific
Place a decimal where there would be ONE real number in front.
Count how many places you had to move it over. This is your exponent.
If the original number is smaller than 1, put a negative in your exponent.

7. From Scientific to Standard
If the exponent is negative, move the decimal left to make the number smaller than one.
The number of times you move it = the exponent.
If the exponent is positive, move the decimal right to make the number bigger than one.

8. Since We’re At It… SI = Système Internationale
Universal units of measurement for science.
Based on 10, so there are exponents everywhere.
You’ll need these for next time, so don’t lose your paper!!

9. ‘base unit’ = meter, liter, gram, second = 100 = 1
SI Prefixes!!
Symbol
Prefix
Scientific
Standard M
Mega
106
1,000,000 k
kilo
103
1,000
‘base unit’ = meter, liter, gram, second = 100 = 1 d
deci
10-1
0.1 c
centi
10-2
0.01 m
milli
10-3
0.001 u
micro
10-6 n
nano
10-9

10. Let’s Practice! Worksheet for you!! (Get used to it.)
Do the front only! We’ll do the back at the end of class.

11. Significant Figures
More Stuff to Memorize!

12. Why We Need Significant Figures
Any measurement has uncertainty.
Significant figures tell us which digit is estimated. (usually the last number)

14. Rule #1
Any number that is not a zero is significant. No matter what.
34.5 has how many significant figures? 3

15. Rule #2
Zeros that come before the non-zero numbers are never significant.
These are called “leading zeros.”
has how many significant figures? 2

16. Rule #3
Zeros that are between the non-zero numbers are always significant.
These are called “captive zeros.”
1.002 has how may significant figures? 4

17. Rule #4
Zeros at the end of a number are only significant if there is a decimal point in your number.
These are called “trailing zeros.”
1000 has how many significant figures?
1000. has how many significant figures?
3.40 x 104 has how many significant figures? 1 4 3

18. Rounding 3.40 Do all calculations before you round.
Figure out how many sig figs you need.
Find the number right after the last sig fig you need.
If that number is less than 5, the digit before stays the same.
If that number is five or more, the last sig fig goes up by one number.
Any extra numbers on the end just go away.
Ex: Round to three significant figures.
3.40

19. Addition and Subtraction
The answer has as many significant figures as the term with the smallest number of decimal places. =?
How many decimal places should your answer have? 1 
31.1

20. Multiplication and Division
The answer has the same amount of significant figures as the term with the smallest number of significant figures.
4.56 x 1.4 = ?
How many significant figures does your answer need? 2
6.384
 6.4

21. More Practice! Finish the back of your worksheet!
Turn it into the purple crate when you’re done and move your fish!