1. CHAPTER 3 Societies and Beliefs of Early India, to 300 C.E. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

2. 1. The Indian Subcontinent A. Geography 1. Geographic diversity and political disunity 2. Ganges and Indus Rivers Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

3. 2. Harappan India: Early Indus Valley Societies A. Early Cities 1. Emergence of urban society 2. Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro B. Farming, Culture, and Commerce 1. Farming, fertility, and family 2. Cross-cultural connections C. The Decline of Harappan Society Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

4. 3. Vedic India: The Aryan Impact A. Aryan Incursions and the Rise of Vedic Culture 1. Aryan arrival 2. Vedic culture 3. Aryan society B. The Emergence of Caste 1. Caste and subcaste C. Family, Status, and Stability 1. Stability and mobility Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

5. 4. The Religions of India A. Brahmanism 1. Samsara, dharma, and karma B. Jainism: Reverence for All Living Things 1. Ahimsa and moksha C. Buddhism: The Path to Inner Peace 1. Siddhartha Gautama 2. The Four Noble Truths 3. Appeal of Buddhism Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

6. 4. The Religions of India (cont’d) D. Hinduism: Unity and Diversity 1. Vedic origins 2. Hinduism and caste 3. Devotional practices Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

7. 5. Post-Vedic India: Connections and Divisions A. Conflicts and Contacts with Persians and Greeks 1. Persian conquest of Indus Valley 2. Alexander the Great B. The Rise of the Mauryan Empire 1. Chandragupta Maurya C. Ashoka’s Reign: Buddhism and Paternalism 1. War and conversion 2. Ashoka’s rule Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

8. 5. Post-Vedic India: Connections and Divisions (cont’d) D. India After Ashoka: New Connections and Conflicts 1. Mauryan collapse 2. Southern India 3. Northern kingdoms and connections 4. Buddhism’s spread and division 5. Hinduism’s evolution and endurance Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

9. 6. Indian Society and Culture A. Caste, Family, and Gender 1. Caste and family 2. Marriage 3. Women’s rights and roles B. The Visual Arts 1. Influences C. Science and Mathematics D. Philosophy and Literature: Upanishads and Epics 1. Upanishads 2. Epics Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.