1. The Cold War U.S. History

2. Politics of Containment: Truman to JFK 1950-1963

3. Part 1: Late Truman Years

4. I.China Goes Commie A. Mao Zedong takes control (1949) 1. US fears this is first domino in line in Asia. B. Japan becomes our top ally in Asia!

5. II. Results of China falling A. NSC-68 Report (April, 1950) 1. Arms race begins 2. USSR: “desire 4 world domination” 3. USA: leader of the “free world” * Spider Man theory 4. Require $39 billion defense budget * How get Congress on board?

6. III.Korean War (1950-1953) A. Commies try to take over  U.N. intervenes 1. pushes North back to Chinese border B. China enters war 1. Gen. MacArthur wants to attack China C. Truman fires MacArthur D. Changes to containment 1. Using military 2. Asia top “battleground”

7. IV. Results of Korean War A. NSC-68 recommendations become reality 1. $50 billion D-budget in ’53 2. 3.5 million soldier army, overseas bases 3. Stockpile of 750 nukes

8. Eisenhower’s Containment Approach 1953-1961

9. Eisenhower’s Containment Strategy Forget paying countries to reject communism, just threaten to blow everything up if USSR expands. Mnemonic using Eisenhower’s nickname “Ike” to remember his strategy: I’ll Kill Everybody

10. I.Eisenhower’s “New Look” Nukes over pukes A. Elected Prez in 1953 B. Cold War keys 1. Strong economy (why?) 2. Be willing to nuke! C. “More Bang for the Buck” 1. Massive Retaliation a. Smaller army ($4 billion savings) b. Bigger nuclear arsenal

11. D. Nuclear delivery systems 1. US  B-52’s, ICBM’s 2. USSR: Sputnik  space satellite 3. NASA formed a. Missile development

12. II.Brinkmanship A. Brink of War B. Cause less small wars C. Problems? 1. All or nothing 2. USSR joins arms race “… two scorpions in a bottle, each capable of killing the other but only at the risk of his own life.” -- Dr. Oppenheimer

13. JFK’s Approach: Flexible Response

14. I. Containment Approach: Flex Response A. Use combo of non-nuke weapons, $$, support programs B. Goal: Reduce threat of nuke war while still containing. Flexible Response (not just nukes) 1. Conventional Troops / Weapons a. Costs more, but nukes not OK for all situations b. Special Forces teams created

15. 2. Aid to Latin America a. Previously seen as helping only in our own interests 2. Alliance for Progress  aid projects 3. Peace Corps a. Humanitarian

16. D. Cold War moves into space 1. Space Race  NASA’s mission redefined a. which country controls space? 2. 1961 – Set goal of beating the Russians to moon

17. II.Crisis in the JFK Era A. Bay of Pigs (Cuba, 1961) 1. Cuba becomes Soviet Ally 2. La Brigada  1,400 Cuban exiles trained by CIA 3. Meant to overthrow Castro 4. Failed completely 5. Bad for JFK b/c …

18. B. Cuban Missile Crisis (Oct. 1962) 1. Soviet Missiles in Cuba 2. Naval quarantine (blockade) 3. Secret deal worked out 4. Defcon 2: closest ever came to nuclear war D. Impact of Crisis 1. Khrushchev undermined 2. Soviet military build-up next 20

19. C. Berlin Wall goes up (June, 1961) 1. Khrushchev  Allies out of West Berlin! 2. Kennedy  bite me, Ruskie 3. People pouring into W.B. to escape Communism 4. USSR builds wall  reverse prison