1. Spray Drift Affects Sensitive Crops R. David Myers Extension Educator myersrd@umd.edu

2. A Vineyard Coming to a Farm Near You!

3. Vineyard Floor Management 2,4-D damage to vine

5. Vineyard Team

6. Ramano Vineyard Establishment Year 2007

7. Alternative Crops & Sustainable Practices ? CMREC, Upper Marlboro

8. http://annearundel.umd.edu/files /VEGWKREthnicVeg2002.doc

10. Market Garden

24. Herbicide Drift Potential All herbicides are subject to particle drift. Vapor drift potential varies by each herbicide’s vapor potential. Droplet size controls both types of drift. Wind, temperature and humidity affects drift severity.

25. Herbicides with High Drift Damage Potential High vapor potential herbicides. Herbicides that are active at very low application rates. Herbicides that are Plant Growth Regulators (PGR’s)

28. WSSA Group 4 Growth Regulators Synthetic Auxins PhenoxysBenzoic AcidsPyridines 2,4-D (many trade names) 2,4-DB MCPA 2,4-DP (diclorprop) 2,4,5-T (no longer marketed) Dicamba (Banvel, Clarity, Distinct, Vanquish, Status, many others) Picloram (Tordon Grazon P&D) Triclopyr (Garlon, Remedy) Clopyralid (Stinger, Transline, Hornet) Aminopyralid (Milestone, Forefront)

29. HerbicideVapor Pressure mmHg @25 ○ C (77 ○ F) EPTC Vernam (vernolate) Command (clomazone) Treflan (triflualin) Callisto (mesotrione) Dual (metalachlor) Prowl (pendimethalin) Banvel (dicamba) DCPA Stinger (clopyralid) Roundup (glyphosate) Atrazine 2,4-D Amine Classic (chlorimuron) Gramoxone (paraquat) 3.4X10 -2 (.034) 1.0X10 -2 (.010) 1.4X10 -4 (00014) incorporation breaking point 1.1X10 -4 (00010) incorporate due to UV decomposition 4.3X10 -5 (000043) 3.1X10 -5 (000031) 9.4X10 -6 (0000094) 9.2X10 -6 (0000092) 2.7X10 -6 (0000027) 1.3X10 -6 (0000013) 3.0X10 -7 (00000030) 2.9X10 -7 (00000029) 1.4X10 -7 (00000014) 4.0X10 -12 (0000000000040) TLTL (Too Low to List) Vapor pressure of selected herbicides arranged according to decreasing vapor pressure.

30. Note: Spray particles under 50 microns in diameter may remain suspended in the air indefinitely or until they evaporate.

31. In relatively dry, warm air (e.g., 30 percent relative humidity and 78°F), a 100-micron droplet quickly loses water by evaporation and becomes less than half its original diameter (one-eighth of its original volume) while falling only 2.5 feet. By comparison, in relatively moist air (e.g., 70 percent relative humidity and 78°F), a 100-micron particle will fall 5 feet and hit the ground before evaporating to half its original diameter. Small droplets become smaller very quickly

43. Spray Drift Affects Sensitive Crops R. David Myers Extension Educator myersrd@umd.edu Any Questions?