1. The policies of China’s Rulers for the protection against inner and outer treats. TITLE: KENDİR

2. INTRODUCTION AIM: Study the policies that China’s different Rulers adopted to maintain their political power against the threats.

3. OUTLINE: The inner threats, Coping with the inner threats, Attacks that are made on the outer threats. No emperor

4. Men of letters opponents Hwangt i bitterest of were hostile to interest person. who were

5. INSTEAD OF ignoring the opposition men of letters seeking it agency, by the same of or to overcome by

6. Hwangti hatred contempt the literary class literature itself. expressed his and of and

7. Conficius a Chinese philosopher a teacher values Hwangti’s. Which contradicts with who was was moral of

8. BECAUSE, behavior people & Hwangti, inspired to speak out rebel against Conficius’

9. Hwangti ideas works he Hwangti. attemted to destroy his and although lied long before

10. he The pacification disarmanent a general Hwangti conquered enemies after his internal complete by

11. Regular army classes physical strength profession. is formed by recoursing to exceptional fixed that without has

12. Great wall of China, wall of tears, graveyard the world. largest known as is the of

13. Before Kublai difficulty Arikbuka, he operations the Sungs. his composed with had resumed against

14. Kublai Wangtien terms & he intention addressed complimentary disclaimed injuring the Coreans. all in of

15. ALTHOUGH ancestors generals anywhere the Mongols, Litsong’s his has forbade to attack

16. Litsong himself vassal the truce Kublai. a Mongol acknowledged as by terms of with

17. EVEN IF Kublai Wochow; the impassability the Chinese, laid siege to in is foundly believed by

18. He impresion the fortress & the truce Litsong. failed to make agreed to with on any

19. Tahaohoei the offensive & Armusana followers, at once assumed was abandoned by his as bye no!!

20. AS SOON AS ; They China the whole strength. saw that was putting forth of her

21. The armies Keen Lung the Gobi Desert & Asia. central of traversed arrived in

22. BUT ; incapacity generals the campaigns result. those decesive expected of his presented having

23. ALTHOUGH Ma Julung entrance city Yunanfoo, which is named promptly effected an into the

24. before force occupation it days fighting streets. the five hard the in was expelled took in 3 I may 2 may 5

25. AFTER authority emperor part province, every of had disappeared from of the No emperor

26. failure this bad Mussulmans contests destruction government. the of the by to finish led finish

27. REFERENCE: http://hamlin.cc.boun.edu.tr/~inelmen /china04.doc TO: E.INELMEN

28. APPENDIX

29. Hwangti great administor soldier unfortunate one struggle successful as an was who was in and

30. Palace of delight residence Hwangti Hieyang. principal which known as of was in

31. Hwangti emperor China The Chinese writting system. a common the first unified was of made adopt

32. Wangtien friend would have remained the mongols something the Coreans. liberty a without done to of

33. The chinese emperor him proclamation Great Khan the mongols. notify of his as of