1. Chapter 9 Energy Balance and Healthy Body Weight
Nutrition: Concepts & Controversies, 12e Sizer/Whitney

2. Introduction Health risks Weight “control” Body composition Overweight
Underweight
Weight “control”
Focus on weight
Focus on controlling weight
Focus on short-term endeavors
Body composition

3. The Problems of Too Little or Too Much Body Fat
U.S. prevalence
Underweight
Overweight
Epidemic
Children and adolescents

4. Increasing Prevalence of Obesity

5. Adult Obesity and Overweight Compared with Healthy People Target

6. Underweight, Overweight, and Mortality

7. What Are the Risks from Too Much Body Fat?
Obesity-related illnesses
Dying young
Obesity vs. smoking
Hypertension
Central obesity
Other risks

8. Visceral Fat and Subcutaneous Fat

9. How Fat Is Too Fat? Evaluate health risks of obesity
Body mass index (BMI)
Waist circumference
Disease risk profile
Social costs of being overfat
Economic costs of being overfat

10. The Body’s Energy Balance
Calorie needs
Monitor activity and weight
Energy output
Basal metabolism (BMR)
Voluntary activities
Thermic effect of food

11. Components of Energy Expenditure

12. Body Weight Versus Body Fatness
Body Mass Index (BMI)
Underweight
Overweight
Obesity
Risks follow racial lines
Drawbacks
Amount or location of fat
Diagnosis requirements

13. Measuring Waist Circumference

14. Measures of Body Composition and Fat Distribution
Skin fold test
Underwater weighing
Bioelectrical impedance
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
Each method has advantages and disadvantages

15. Average Body Composition of Men and Women

16. How Much Body Fat Is Ideal?
Healthy BMI range
Man: 12 to 20 percent
Woman: 20 to 30 percent
Declaration of being overfat
Men age 40 and younger
Men over age 40
Women age 40 and younger
Women over age 40

17. The Mystery of Obesity Obesity’s cause remains elusive Hunger Satiety
Response to physiological need
Chemical messengers
Stomach hormone
Ghrelin
Stomach capacity

18. Inside-the-Body Causes of Obesity
Metabolic theories
Variations in ease of body fat gain or loss
Variety of theories
Genetics
Influence tendency to gain weight or stay lean
Environmental factors

19. Outside-the-Body Causes of Obesity
External cues to overeating
Available foods
Human sensations
Larger portions
Physical inactivity
Nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)
Inactivity epidemic
Sitting still and death from heart disease

20. Feasting and Fasting

21. Moderate Weight Loss Versus Rapid Weight Loss
Short-term fasting
Seems to be tolerated
Effects of deprivation
Overeat or binge eating
Weight loss technique
Slowing of metabolism
Low-carbohydrate diets
DRI minimum carbohydrate intake level

22. Examples of Energy Density

23. Introduction Eating disorders Young women Beginnings of disorders
Anorexia nervosa
Bulimia nervosa
Binge eating disorder
Young women
All people
Beginnings of disorders

24. Anorexia Nervosa Characteristics Role of the family Self-starvation
Cannot recognize condition
Role of the family
Self-starvation
Physical perils
Damage to whole body
Death
Treatment

25. Bulimia Nervosa Characteristics Role of the family
More prevalent than anorexia nervosa
Role of the family
Binge eating and purging
Stages of a binge
Methods for purging
Physical and psychological perils
Treatment

26. The Cycle of Bingeing, Purging, and Negative Self-Perception