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Division, Reconciliation, and Expansion (1850-1914)
Literature of the Period
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Freedom Black spirituals Fredrick Douglas
Traditional African music fused with Biblical stories, hymns, popular music of the day Fredrick Douglas Abolitionist leader Skilled orator Wrote autobiography
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Wartime Voices Diaries, letters, journals, speeches
Mary Chestnut, wife of high ranking Confederate officer Pres. Abraham Lincoln Speeches, letters Gettysburg Address—10 sentences long
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Frontier Voices Writers representing the Midwest, Far West, Southwest began to emerge Bret Harte Willa Cather Mark Twain Chief Joseph
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Realism and Naturalism
Began after Civil War Attempted to portray “real life” of ordinary people Naturalism—off-shoot of realism Forces larger than the individual (nature, fate, heredity) shaped individual destiny Jack London’s Alaska fiction
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Literature of Discontent
Realism—a harsh reality Industrialization—a force against individuals were powerless Loss of innocence Spoon River Anthology by Edgar Lee Masters
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