1. Slide 1 Understanding Interaction, Users and Interfaces and Designing for Collaboration and Communication (Chapters 2-5 of Interaction Design text) CSSE 371 Software Requirements and Specification Don Bagert, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology October 25, 2005 Thanks to Steve Chenoweth for some of the slides included.

2. Slide 2 Outline Understanding and Conceptualizing Interaction Understanding Users Designing for Collaboration and Communication Understanding How Interfaces Affect Users

3. Slide 3 Understanding and Conceptualizing Interaction

4. Slide 4 Understanding the Problem Space Focus on usability goals and user needs before addressing the physical system Some questions to address when designing a solution: –(If applicable) Why are there problems with the existing interface? –Why do you think your proposed ideas might be useful? –How will your proposed design support people in their activities?

5. Slide 5 Conceptual Models Based on Activities e.g. –Instructing –Conversing –Manipulating and Navigating –Exploring and Browsing Based on Objects e.g. –Books –Vehicles

6. Slide 6 “Borrowing” Metaphors Analogies

7. Slide 7 Understanding Users

8. Slide 8 Cognition How do people understand what we try to show them? What are some the basic processes of cognition? –Attention –Perception and recognition –Memory –Learning –Reading, speaking and listening –Problem solving, planning, reasoning and decision making

9. Slide 9 One example of a cognition technique Engineers love to see “the condition of a system” as a Kiviat chart: In this one, farther out from center is better… In the classic style, it’s the reverse!

10. Slide 10 Designing for Collaboration and Communication

11. Slide 11 Social Mechanisms - Example Written vs. oral dialogue – not the same! –Example, from Desperate Measures, by Pat Johnson ISBN:1-59129-680-3: “Tell us, Winston, just what did happen?” Roosevelt asked. [Churchill replied,] “We had too little left; too little aircraft, too little anti-aircraft guns, and too little ships. We had bet it all on trying to save France. When they succumbed to the onslaught and fled for North Africa, we had little left in which to defend ourselves. They kept their fleet in the Mediterranean to help protect their shores and what trade shipping they could.” This is not how we talk! Why is it always shown this way in books, as if we did?

12. Slide 12 Understanding How Interfaces Affect Users

13. Slide 13 Some Techniques Affective aspects – producing an emotional response Expressive interfaces

14. Slide 14 User Frustration Gimmicks (e.g. “Under Construction”) Error Messages Overburdening the User

15. Slide 15 Does anthropomorphism help? Aibo – big hit … as a dog The human equivalent – apparently didn’t make it… Yet?