1. Lecture 1: OCN520 Chemical Oceanography Prof: Jim Murray

2. Four Main Themes 1.Global Carbon Cycle 2.Are humans changing the chemistry of the ocean? 3.What are chemical controls on biological production? 4. What is the fate of organic matter made by biological production?

3. Global Carbon Cycle

4. Mauna Loa CO 2 record – Started by David Keeling (SIO) NOAA-ERL Data

5. Source: C. D. Keeling and T. P. Whorf; Etheridge et.al.; Barnola et.al.; (PAGES / IGBP); IPCC (BP 1950) Projected (2100) Current (2001) CO 2 Concentration (ppmv) Vostok Record Law Dome Record Mauna Loa Record IPCC IS92a Scenario

6. Global Carbon Cycle Sabine et al. (2004) SCOPE Reservoirs and Fluxes

7. Are Humans Changing the Composition of the Ocean: Ocean Acidification

8. Because the ocean mixes slowly, half of the anthropogenic CO 2 stored in the oceans is found in the upper 10% of the ocean. Sabine et al. Science (2004) Global Anthropogenic CO 2 Inventory = 118±19 Pg C

9. Chemistry, Biology and Circulation

10. Nitrate concentrations High Nutrient-Low Chlorophyll regions:

11. Fate of Organic Matter

12. Source: JGOFS / IGBP CO 2 Preindustrial CO2: maximum strength bio pump: 160 ppm Preindustrial CO2: Physical pump alone: 400 ppm Oceanic Primary Production: Sept. 97 – Aug. 98 CO 2 Biological PumpPhysical (solubility) Pump