2. Over view Landing Gear Landing Gear Weight Determination Weight Determination Geometric Layout of Wing Structure Geometric Layout of Wing Structure Analysis of Wing Loads Analysis of Wing Loads Fuselage and Tail Structure Fuselage and Tail Structure

3. Landing Gear Front Landing Gear Front Landing Gear Material: carbon fiber Material: carbon fiber 8" wide, 5" tall,1-5/8" wide at top, 1" at bottom, 1.5 oz. weight. 8" wide, 5" tall,1-5/8" wide at top, 1" at bottom, 1.5 oz. weight. Main Wheel Main Wheel Diameter: 2-1/16" Diameter: 2-1/16" Steerable Tail Landing Gear Steerable Tail Landing Gear 2-3/4" x 3" with 7/8" Plain Wheel 2-3/4" x 3" with 7/8" Plain Wheel

4. Landing Gear Analysis Assumptions: Assumptions: 1. Main Landing Wheels support 90% of weights. 2. Taildragger aft tires are about a quarter to a third the size of the main tires. Tire sizing: Tire sizing: Diameter : 1.96 in Diameter : 1.96 in Width: 0.9 in Width: 0.9 in

5. Location of Landing Gears

6. Tip-over Analysis Logitudinal tip-over analysis Logitudinal tip-over analysis α & β should be between 16 to 25 degrees. γ should be between 10 to 15 degrees Lateral tip over analysis. θ should be bigger than 25 degrees. αβαβ γ θ

7. Weight Determination Center of gravity Center of gravity Center of gravityMoment of inertia (results from CATIA) Gx (in) Gy (in) Gz (in) 11.831.320 Ix (slug*ft^2) IyIzIxyIxzIyz0.1420.2320.097-0.005-2.334e-005-1.996e-005 11.65824182 x Y

8. List of Components componentmaterialweight (lb) internal bodybalsawood + foam0.1444 main wingfoam + fiber glass1.2750 vertical wingfoam + fiber glass0.0946 horizontal stabilizerfoam + fiber glass0.2214 fuselagefoam0.1935 wing Mountbalsawood + foam0.0181 nose capfiber glass0.0773 motor (w/ gear box)0.8000 gyro0.0400 servo (rudder,elevator,flaperon)0.3791 receiver0.0397 speed control0.1000 battery0.5000 landing gear0.1243 payload1.0000 total(including battery payload)5.0074 (excluding battery and payload)3.5074 Total Weight: 5.0074 lb (excluding control wire, hinge and glue)

9. Layout of Components Motor Battery Payload Speed controller Gyro Receiver Servos (Rudder Elevator)

10. Material Properties of Wing Structure Material Properties E-Glass Density (lb/in^3) 0.094 Tensile Strength (psi) 493128.329 Tensile Modulus (Psi) 10500732.658 Elongation to break (%) 4.800 Epoxy Tensile Strength (Psi) 11008.365 % Elongation 6.300 Flexural Strength (Psi) 16708.348 Flexural Modulus (Psi) 464120.780 Short Beam Shear (Psi) 8006.083 Density (lb/in^3) 0.041908 Balsa wood Density (lb/in^3) 0.005 Modules of rupture (Psi) 3140 maximum shearing strength (Psi) 300 Compression Strength (Psi) 1890  Density of Composite  50% Epoxy + 50% E-Glass  Density of Balsa wood  0.005 (lb/in^3)  Density of foam  0.0011(lb/in^3)

11. Skin & Material  GRP (Glass Reinforced plastic) wing covering (fiber glass w/ epoxy) 3oz E Glass Satin Weave Thickness: 0.0046“ (Two layer 0.0092’’) Epoxy hardener (205(fast) +206(slow)) Epoxy Resin (105)

12. Wing Assembly Wing Mount Wing Mount + Foam wing Complete wing assembly with fiberglass cover

13. Wing Geometry

14. V-n Diagram Positive Stall Limit Negative Stall Limit Positive Structural Limit Negative Structural Limit q Limit

15. Load (lbf) 5.00 Moment arm (ft) 1.11 Moment (lbf *ft) 5.55 Maximum bending loads

16. Bending Moment Study

17. Wing Tip Vertical Deflection Vertical deflection of wing tip 0.21 (in)

18. Twist angle = 1(degree) (Shear modulus of fiber glass) (Required thickness of fiber glass over the airfoil) (Area at the tip) (Torque)

19. Skin Materials Trade Study Purpose: To compare weight of skin made of different materials Method: Single cell Thin-walled analysis Result: Fiber glass has lowest weight FoamBalsa WoodFiber Glass Shear Modulus550236001000000Psi Density1.879.68117.41lb/ft^3 Required Skin Thickness38.89700.82090.0194in Volume13.71970.28950.0068ft^3 Mass25.69442.80170.8037lb

20. Fuselage Structure Frame material is wood Fuselage body material (foam) Interior layout Fully loaded fuselage

21. Tail Wing Structure Tail wing dimensions Tail wing assembly Materials: Wood Foam Fiberglass

22. Questions ?