1. Use of TRMM for Analysis of Extreme Precipitation Events Largest Land Daily Rainfall (mm/day)

2. Real-time Heavy Rain Maps (updated every 3 hours) 1 day (35 mm), 3 day (100 mm), 7 day accumulations (200 mm) 20 June 2007 06 GMT

3. Landslide Susceptibility Map Global landslide susceptibility map constructed using Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) DEM, MODIS vegetation and soil characteristic information DEM, Slope, Aspect Topography Curvature, Concavity Morphology Lithological makeup Geology Sand, Foam, Silt, Clay Soil Property Shrub, barren, urban Land Cover e.g., Soil Moisture Hydrology Surface Controlling Factors

4. Sea Surface Temperature Measurements from TRMM High-resolution SST measurements through clouds from TMI data provided early detection of the 1998 La Nina and instability waves (Wentz, Science 1999) High-resolution SST measurements illustrated the deleterious effect of Hurricane Bonnie’s cold wake on the development of Hurricane Danielle

5. TRMM has observed the inner structure of natural hazards like hurricanes Mitch (1998), Bonnie (1998), and Floyd (1999). Compelling New Looks at Hurricanes, Typhoons, and Cyclones

6. Mosaic of TRMM overpasses of Hurricane Isabel (2004) crossing the Atlantic Hurricane Intensity 9/08/049/10/04 9/12/04 9/14/04 9/15/04 9/16/04 Saffir/Simpson Category 5 4 3 2 1 Tropical Storm Surface Wind (km/h) (mph)  248 209 180 151 118 61  156 130 112 94 74 38

7. Hurricane Katrina ( 2005)

8. TRMM Impact on Mesoscale Simulation of Super Typhoon Paka SSM/I 85 GHz Brightness Temperature, PAKA (8.9N, 161.8E) 13 DEC 1997 0911UTC Rain(mm/3hr), Sea-level Pressure & 850 hPa Wind 13 DEC 1997 0900UTC (IC: GEOS without TRMM) Rain(mm/3hr), Sea-level Pressure & 850 hPa Wind 13 DEC 1997 0900UTC (IC: GEOS with TRMM) Zhao-Xia Pu and Wei-Kuo Tao

10. El Nino La Nina El Nino and La Nina Precipitation Anomaly Patterns Warm PacificCold Pacific Red: positive precipitation anomalies Blue: negative precipitation anomalies

11. Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission GPM Core Spacecraft (2013 launch) at 65 o inclination NASA constellation (2014 launch) at 30-40 o inclination Megha-Tropiques NOAA-N ’ NPP MetOp-B NPOESS-C1 GCOM-W

12. GPM Sensors Microwave radiometer (GMI) [U.S.] 10.7, 18.7, 23.8, 37, 89, 165, 183 GHz (dual polarized except for 23.8V-only) conical scanning at 4.5 km resolution at 89 GHz 800 km swath Dual frequency precipitation radar (DPR) [Japan] cross-track scanning at 5 km resolution Ku-band: 13.6 GHz, 245 km swath Ka-band: 36.55 GHz, 120 km swath

13. Unify and advance global precipitation measurements through Advanced microwave sensors & algorithms (dual- frequency radar & microwave imager) A consistent framework for inter-satellite calibration International science collaboration in algorithm development, ground validation Improved use of precipitation data in research & applications

14. GPM Core Satellite Increased sensitivity for light rain and snow detection Better overall measurement accuracy Detailed microphysical information and a common cloud database for rain & snow retrievals from Core & Constellation sensors NASA constellation Improved near-real time hurricane monitoring and prediction

15. What can GPM do? To extend TRMM's observations of precipitation to higher latitudes, with more frequent sampling, and with focused research on providing a more complete understanding of the global hydrological cycle. To be capable of measuring rain rates as small as a hundredth of an inch per hour to as large as 4 inches an hour. To be able to estimate the various sizes of precipitation particles, and will also discriminate between snow and rain. To achieve rainfall measurements with a 3-hour average revisit time over 80% of the globe, and the data will be available to users within 3 hours of observation time.

16. March 24, 2010San Jose State University