1. RAFT Radar Fence Transponder Phase 2 Safety Review 10 Feb 05 Bob Bruninga, CDR USN (ret) MIDN 1/C Ben Orloff MIDN 1/C Eric Kinzbrunner MIDN 1/C JoEllen Rose Midn 1/C Steven Schwarzer

2. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 29-10 Feb 2005  Assumption: Launch NET February 2006 RAFT Kickoff Apr 04 RAFT Kickoff Apr 04 RAFT USNA SRR Sep 04 RAFT USNA SRR Sep 04 RAFT PDR19 Nov 04 RAFT PDR19 Nov 04 RAFT Phase 0/1 Safety16 Dec 04 RAFT Phase 0/1 Safety16 Dec 04  RAFT Phase 2 Safety10 Feb 05  RAFT CDR23 Feb 05  RAFT Flight Unit Testing May 05  RAFT Phase 3 Safety Aug 05  RAFT Delivery/Install Oct 05  RAFT Flight (STS-116) 09 Feb 06 Key Milestones: Schedule

3. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 39-10 Feb 2005 So Many CUBEsats 30 to 50 in Construction AIAA/USU Small Sat Conference 30% of papers were for PICO, NANO and CUBEsats All smaller than 10 cm How to Track them???

4. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 49-10 Feb 2005 Mission Statement  To provide the Navy Space Surveillance (NSSS) radar fence with a means to determine the bounds of a constellation of PicoSats otherwise undetectable by the radar fence  To enable NSSS to independently calibrate their transmit and receive beams using signals from RAFT.  This must be accomplished with two PicoSats, one that will actively transmit and receive, and one with a passively augmented radar cross-section.  Additionally, RAFT will provide experimental communications transponders for the Navy Military Affiliate Radio System, the United States Naval Academy’s Yard Patrol crafts, and the Amateur Satellite Service.

5. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 59-10 Feb 2005 NSSS Radar Fence

6. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 69-10 Feb 2005 RAFT1 Mission Architecture

7. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 79-10 Feb 2005 MARScom Mission Architecture

8. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 89-10 Feb 2005 Military Affiliate Radio System The Mission of the MARS system is to:  Provide auxiliary communications for military, federal and local disaster management officials  Assist in effecting communications under emergency conditions.  Handle morale and quasi-official communications traffic for members of the Armed Forces and authorized U.S. Government civilian personnel  Provide routine operations in support of MARSGRAMS and … contacts between service personnel and their families back home home.

9. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 99-10 Feb 2005 Yard Patrol Craft Application Unique UHF AM Uplink and HF SSB downlink

10. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 109-10 Feb 2005 RAFT1 and MARScom 5” Cubes 3 Antennas Each Identical Mechanical

11. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 119-10 Feb 2005

12. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 129-10 Feb 2005 Pass Geometry

13. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 139-10 Feb 2005 Raft1 Block Diagram

14. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 149-10 Feb 2005 MARScom Block Diagram

15. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 159-10 Feb 2005 RAFT Lifetime Estimate 6.5 Months 2.5 Mo

16. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 169-10 Feb 2005 RAFT Deployment Velocity of pair: 1.5 m/s Velocity of RAFT: 1.3 m/s Velocity of MARScom: 1.8 m/s

17. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 179-10 Feb 2005 Low Friction Track Separation Test

18. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 189-10 Feb 2005 Mechanical Design

19. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 199-10 Feb 2005 Using “IDEAS” CAD Modeling

20. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 209-10 Feb 2005 Assembly Plan

21. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 219-10 Feb 2005 Solar Panel Design on 5 Sides COTS Silicon Cells on PCB panel Covered with Clear Teflon Coating 1.5 Watt panel Mechanically rugged for rain/hail/birds PCsat Flight Heritage

22. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 229-10 Feb 2005 Multi-Function Top Panel VHF Antenna holes HF whip hole Pockets for other satellite antennas and Sep Switch

23. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 239-10 Feb 2005 RAFT1 Internal Diagram Top View Ant pocket & Sep SW

24. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 249-10 Feb 2005 RAFT Internal Diagram Corner Detail Whip antenna and sep springs

25. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 259-10 Feb 2005 RAFT SEP-Switch Corner Detail Antenna Sleeve

26. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 269-10 Feb 2005 Side Panel

27. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 279-10 Feb 2005 Side Panel Detail Loaded Side.25” thick

28. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 289-10 Feb 2005 Custom Side Panel for Antenna Crank and GSE Connector

29. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 299-10 Feb 2005 For SSPL4410 with MEPSI: PICOSAT mass m = 1.6 kg = 3.5 lbs Preload > { 24 g x 3.5 lbs = 84 lbs } F = 125 lb max preload + 24 g x 3.5 lb  210 lbs 24 g calculated in SVP For SSPL5510 with RAFT: PICOSAT mass m = 7 kg = 15.4 lbs Preload > { 24 g x 15.4 lbs = 370 lbs } F = 500 lb max preload + 24 g x 15.4 lb  870 lbs SSPL4410 LAUNCHER: Preload and Launch Loads credit:

30. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 309-10 Feb 2005 Side Panel Buckling Analysis

31. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 319-10 Feb 2005 Structure Displacements

32. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 329-10 Feb 2005 Depressurization Rate.040 hole Gives 2:1 margin for depressurization

33. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 339-10 Feb 2005 Battery Box

34. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 349-10 Feb 2005 RAFT Antenna Separation Mechanisms

35. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 359-10 Feb 2005 RAFT Antenna Springs

36. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 369-10 Feb 2005 Antenna Buckling Analysis

37. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 379-10 Feb 2005 Long-Wire Antenna

38. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 389-10 Feb 2005 Electrical Systems And Connections Each panel one pigtail All plug into Interface Board on the PSK panel RAFT1 Panels and Connectors

39. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 399-10 Feb 2005 Interface Board

40. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 409-10 Feb 2005 Raft1 Electronics Systems

41. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 419-10 Feb 2005 EPS and Solar Power Budget

42. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 429-10 Feb 2005 Solar Power Budget Conclusion: The PCsat panels per side of the satellite and a 39% eclipse time, an average available bus load of 0.96 watts will be available to the spacecraft.

43. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 439-10 Feb 2005 RAFT1 Required Power Budget Whole Orbit Average 10% Depth of Discharge

44. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 449-10 Feb 2005 MARScom Required Power Budget

45. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 459-10 Feb 2005 Power System

46. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 469-10 Feb 2005 Simplified Power System Charge in Parallel Transmit in Series Duty cycle 4% 100 mA 60 mA

47. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 479-10 Feb 2005 Operations Safety Features All Transmitter circuits time-out to OFF

48. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 489-10 Feb 2005

49. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 499-10 Feb 2005 Battery Tests  No mass change, no leakage  Worst case 10% loss of capacity  Design Capacity has a 4 to 20 overdesign factor

50. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 509-10 Feb 2005 PCsat Solar Panel I-V Curve discharged Full charge Angle

51. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 519-10 Feb 2005 Frequency Coordination  RAFT1 ITU Request Form submitted. TX: 145.825 MHz, 2 Watt, 20 KHz B/W FMTX: 145.825 MHz, 2 Watt, 20 KHz B/W FM RX: 29.400-29.403 MHz PSK-31 ReceiverRX: 29.400-29.403 MHz PSK-31 Receiver RX: 145.825 MHz AX.25 FMRX: 145.825 MHz AX.25 FM 216.98 MHz NSSS transponder216.98 MHz NSSS transponder  MARScom DD 1494 submitted. 148.375-148.975 MHz VHF cmd/user uplink148.375-148.975 MHz VHF cmd/user uplink 24-29 MHz Downlink24-29 MHz Downlink 300 MHz UHF YP Craft Uplink Whip300 MHz UHF YP Craft Uplink Whip  Resonate at 216.98 MHz

52. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 529-10 Feb 2005 Radiation Hazard = None Deployed and Active 11 V/m Pre-Separation 0.11 V/m Antennas Compressed, Shorted, Shielded and Sep-SW OFF

53. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 539-10 Feb 2005 Questions?

54. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 549-10 Feb 2005 Backup Slides

55. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 559-10 Feb 2005 Charge in Parallel Transmit in Series Duty cycle 4%

56. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 569-10 Feb 2005 MARScom Lifetime Estimate 4.9 Months 2 Mo

57. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 579-10 Feb 2005 1. NEA DEVICE ACTUATES 2. LATCH ROD SLIDES FORWARD 3. DOOR SWINGS OPEN AND LATCHES 4. PICOSATs EJECT 1 2 3 4 Door in open, latched, landing position SSPL4410 LAUNCHER: Operation NOTE: Top Cover and Latchtrain Cover not shown in this view No separation until after both picosats clear launcher

58. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 589-10 Feb 2005 Mass Budget (kg) Light mass design for future missions Will ballast for RAFT

59. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 599-10 Feb 2005 VHF EZNEC Plots

60. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 609-10 Feb 2005 RAFT1 Magnetic Attitude Control

61. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 619-10 Feb 2005 Post Cold Test Battery Condition (No Leakage)

62. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 629-10 Feb 2005 -60 °C Battery Tests Triple walled chamber Sealed for condensation Adding Dry Ice 30 Hour test @ -60C

63. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 639-10 Feb 2005 -60 °C Battery Test: Thermal Conditions

64. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 649-10 Feb 2005 Post -60 °C Charge Temp in Vacuum

65. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 659-10 Feb 2005 Post Cold Test Discharge Current 852 mA-H

66. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 669-10 Feb 2005 PCsat P-V Curve discharged Full charge

67. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 679-10 Feb 2005 Dead Battery Charge Efficiency

68. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 689-10 Feb 2005 Dead Battery Recovery Test

69. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 699-10 Feb 2005 Shuttle Safety Requirements  Fracture Control Plan Captive & Redundant  Fastener integrity Captive & Redundant  Structural model of RAFTIdeas model, Buckling  Venting analysisDone. 0.04 “  Simple mechanismsAntennas  Materials / OutgassingCOTS, Replace Electrolytics  Conformal coat PC boardsYes  Wire sizing and fusing#24, fuse 1 amp  Radiation hazardBelow 0.1v/m  Battery safetyYes  Shock and vibrationYes

70. RAFT Ph-II Safety Review 709-10 Feb 2005 Battery Safety Requirements  Must have circuit interrupters in ground leg  Inner surface and terminals coated with insulating materials  Physically constrained from movement and allowed to vent  Absorbent materials used to fill void spaces  Battery storage temperature limits are -30°C to +50°C  Prevent short circuits and operate below MFR’s max  Thermal analysis under load and no-load  Battery must meet vibration and shock resistance stds  Must survive single failure without inducing hazards  Match cells for voltage, capacity, and charge retention