1. CEE 495.001 – Spring 2005 Lectures 16, 17 (Handouts, Chapter 24) Signal Timing and Coordination

2. CEE 495.001 – Spring 2005 Signal System Classification  Traditional Systems Closed-Loop (Field Master) Closed-Loop (Field Master) Centralized Computer Control Centralized Computer Control  Adaptive

3. CEE 495.001 – Spring 2005 Signal Timing Process Data Collection Signal Timing Development Field Implementation

4. CEE 495.001 – Spring 2005 Basic Terminology  Cycle  Phase Split  Phasing Sequence  Offset  Force-off

5. CEE 495.001 – Spring 2005 Cycle Length and Split  Cycle Length All signals must have a common cycle length to achieve coordination  Split Split = Green + Yellow + All-red

6. CEE 495.001 – Spring 2005 Signal Coordination Intersection #1 Intersection #2 East Bound

7. CEE 495.001 – Spring 2005 Offset  Offset is the time difference between two reference points  Offset must be specified by Phase Phase Begin/end phase Begin/end phase  Offset = 0 ~ cycle length

8. CEE 495.001 – Spring 2005 Time-Space Diagram One-way Street 22 66 22 66 22 66 22 66 88 44 88 44 88 44 88 44 G=25 Y=5 R=30 G=35Y=5R=20 Time #1 #2 EB Band

9. CEE 495.001 – Spring 2005 Time-Space Diagram Two-way Street 22 66 22 66 22 66 22 66 88 44 88 44 88 44 88 44 G=25 Y=5 R=30 G=35Y=5R=20 Time #1 #2 EB Band WB Band

10. CEE 495.001 – Spring 2005 22 66 22 66 22 66 22 66 88 44 88 44 88 44 88 44 G=25 Y=5 R=30 G=35Y=5R=20 Question 1:  2 and  6 at intersection #1 turn to green at 60 sec,  2 and  6 at intersection #2 turn to green at 20 sec, what is the relative offset between intersection #1 and #2, assuming the offset is referenced to the start of green of  2 and  6? EB Band WB Band Offset – Question 1

11. CEE 495.001 – Spring 2005 22 66 22 66 22 66 22 66 88 44 88 44 88 44 88 44 G=25 Y=5 R=30 G=35Y=5R=20 Question 2: Given the offset number in Q1, what the offset will be if the offset is referenced to the end of green of  2 and  6? EB Band WB Band Offset – Question 2

12. CEE 495.001 – Spring 2005 22 66 22 66 22 66 22 66 88 44 88 44 88 44 88 44 G=25 Y=5 R=30 G=35Y=5R=20 Question 3: If the travel speeds are different for the two directions, will it affect the above offset results? EB Band WB Band Offset – Question 3

13. CEE 495.001 – Spring 2005 Bandwidth (Dual LT Leading) 22 66 22 66 88 44 88 44 88 44 #1 #2 11 55 22 66 11 55 EB: 20 sec WB: 8 sec

14. CEE 495.001 – Spring 2005 Bandwidth - Adjusted (Dual LT Leading) 22 66 22 66 88 44 88 44 88 44 #1 #2 11 55 22 66 11 55 EB: 20 sec WB: 12 sec

15. CEE 495.001 – Spring 2005 Bandwidth - Initial (Lead/Lag) 22 66 22 66 88 44 88 44 88 44 #1 #2 11 55 22 66 11 55 EB: 20 sec WB: 12 sec

16. CEE 495.001 – Spring 2005 Bandwidth - Adjusted (Lead/Lag) 22 66 22 66 88 44 88 44 88 44 #1 #2 11 55 22 66 11 55 EB: 20 sec WB: 20 sec

17. CEE 495.001 – Spring 2005 MOEs  Bandwidth Concept (PASSER II) Bandwidth, seconds Bandwidth, seconds Bandwidth Efficiency = Bandwidth/Cycle Bandwidth Efficiency = Bandwidth/Cycle Attainability = Bandwidth/g min Attainability = Bandwidth/g min  System-Wide Delay (Synchro)  System-wide Stops and Delay (TRANSYT-7F)

18. CEE 495.001 – Spring 2005 Yellow Trap “Yellow trap” is a situation faced by a left-turn movement when the display of “yellow” occurs to both the left-turn phase and the adjacent through phase, but the opposing through is not terminating. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

19. CEE 495.001 – Spring 2005 Dallas phasing has louver that through vehicles cannot see

20. CEE 495.001 – Spring 2005 Left-turn phase about to end

21. CEE 495.001 – Spring 2005 Through movements move both directions. Left-turn yield to opposing through.

22. CEE 495.001 – Spring 2005 Yellow trap occurs when the leading left-turn sees yellow and thinks the opposing through phase will also end

23. CEE 495.001 – Spring 2005 Dallas phasing does not display yellow, and left-turn sees green ball and is supposed to still yield.

24. CEE 495.001 – Spring 2005 When left-turn sees yellow, the opposing phase also about to end

25. CEE 495.001 – Spring 2005 Main street phases end, side street phases begin

26. CEE 495.001 – Spring 2005 Yellow Trap Only the leading left-turn has the “yellow trap” with protected/permitted phasing Dallas Phasing solves the "yellow-trap" problem by holding a solid green indication. Louvers are used to shield the left-turn display so that the green display in the left-turn signal cannot be easily seen by thru drivers. http://projects.kittelson.com/pplt/LearnAbout/Learn3.htm http://projects.kittelson.com/pplt/displays/dallas_doghouse_lag.htm

27. CEE 495.001 – Spring 2005 Summary  What is “Yellow Trap” and when it occurs?  What is the main purpose of using “Lead-Lag” phasing? Can “Lead-Lag” phasing increase an intersection capacity?  What is the exception that a different cycle length can be used at an intersection while still maintaining coordination?  Offset  Bandwidth  Time-Space Diagram

28. CEE 495.001 – Spring 2005 WB = 36 sec EB = 16 sec Lead/Lag Phasing

29. CEE 495.001 – Spring 2005 WB = 45 sec EB = 16 sec