1. TCAP Review

2. Prokaryotic Cells No membrane bound nucleus Nucleoid = region of DNA concentration Organelles not bound by membranes

3. Eukaryotic Cells Nucleus bound by membrane Include fungi, protists, plant, and animal cells Possess many organelles Protozoan

4. Passive Transport No energy required Move due to gradient – differences in concentration, pressure, charge Move to equalize gradient – High moves toward low

5. Diffusion Molecules move to equalize concentration

6. Osmosis Special form of diffusion Fluid flows from lower solute concentration Often involves movement of water – Into cell – Out of cell

7. Solution Differences & Cells solvent + solute = solution Hypotonic – Solutes in cell more than outside – Outside solvent will flow into cell Isotonic – Solutes equal inside & out of cell Hypertonic – Solutes greater outside cell – Fluid will flow out of cell

8. Photosynthesis Respiration

9. A scientist studies the impact of a drug on cancer. The independent variables are the administration of the drug - the dosage and the timing. The dependent variable is the impact the drug has on cancer. Variables in an Experiment:

10. VARIABLES Dependent variable Independent variable = What you change in the experiment = what you measure in response to the change Controlled variables = what you keep the same

11. How do the different chemicals in fertilizers affect plant growth? Independent Variable: different chemicals Dependent Variables: plant growth Control Group: soil, rainfall, when planted, etc.

12. Stressed? How does stress affect heart rate in humans?

13. Scientific Methods The scientific method is: A series of steps used by scientists to solve a problem or answer a question. The Steps to the Scientific Method 1.Observation / Asking a Question 2.Form a Hypothesis 3.Design a Controlled Experiment 4.Record and Analyze Results 5.Draw Conclusions

14. Scientific Method vs. Engineering Design

15. 3 Types of Plate Boundaries

16. Oceanic Vs. Continental

17. The Rock Cycle

18. Distance, Speed, Velocity A train travels 240 miles in 2 hours. Calculate the average speed of the train in mph. John leaves home at 6:00 a.m. and arrives at his brother’s house at 10:00 a.m. What is his average speed, in mph, if he had travelled 200 miles? D ST Speed = Distance/TimeDistance = Speed X Time

20. Organ Systems