1. Genetics Travis Mackoy

2. Gregor Mendel 1860s Developed basic principles of genetics Studied genetics of pea plants

3. Basic Terminology Gene- Basic Unit of heredity Allele- Gene that exists in >1 form Genotype- Genetic makeup of individual Phenotype- Physical manifestation of genotype

4. Mendel’s First Law: Law of Segregation Genes exist in alternate forms Two alleles for each inherited trait; one from each parent Alleles separate during meiosis, resulting in gametes carrying one allele And…

5. Dominance If two alleles are different, one will be dominant and the other will be silent. Dominant- denoted by capital letter Recessive- denoted by lower case letter

6. Punnett Square Way to predict monohybrid cross Aa x Aa A=black flowers, a=white flowers Genotype: 1:3:1 Phenotype: 3 Black: 1 White

7. Mendel’s Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment Dihybrid Cross

8. The Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance Crossing Over/ Genetic Recombination Occurs during meiosis (Prophase I)

9. Variations on Mendelian Genetics Incomplete Dominance Co-dominance Sex Determination: Females have XX, while males have XY