1. First steps implementing a High Throughput workload management system Massimo Sgaravatto INFN Padova massimo.sgaravatto@pd.infn.it

2. High throughput workload management system architecture (simplified design) GRAM CONDOR GRAM LSF GRAM PBS globusrun Site1 Site2Site3 condor_submit (Globus Universe) Condor-G MasterGIS Submit jobs (using Class-Ads) Resource Discovery Information on characteristics and status of local resources

3. Overview PC farms in different sites managed by possible different local resource management systems GRAM as uniform interface to these different local resource management systems Condor-G able to provide robustness and reliability Master smart enough to decide in which Globus resources the jobs must be submitted The Master uses the information on characteristics and status of resources published in the GIS

4. First step: evaluation of GRAM GRAM CONDOR GRAM LSF GRAM PBS Site1 Site2Site3 Submit jobs (using Globus tools) GIS Information on characteristics and status of local resources

5. Evaluation of GRAM Service Job submission tests using Globus tools (globusrun, globus-job-run, globus-job- submit) GRAM as uniform interface to different underlying resource management systems “Cooperation” between GRAM and GIS Evaluation of RSL as uniform language to specify resources Tests performed with Globus 1.1.2 and 1.1.3 and Linux machines

6. GRAM & fork system call Client Server (fork) Globus

7. GRAM & Condor Client Server (Condor front-end machine) Globus Condor Condor pool

8. GRAM & Condor Tests considering: Standard Condor jobs (relinked with Condor library) INFN WAN Condor pool configured as Globus resource ~ 200 machines spread across different sites Heterogeneous environment No single file system and UID domain Vanilla jobs (“normal” jobs) PC farm configured as Globus resource Single file system and UID domain

9. GRAM & LSF Server (LSF front-end machine) Client Globus LSF Cluster

10. GRAM & PBS (by F. Giacomini-INFN Cnaf) Client Server (PBS) Globus PBS Linux Server (4 processors)

11. Results Some bugs found and fixed Standard output and error for vanilla Condor jobs globus-job-status … Some bugs seem solvable without major re-design and/or re- implementation: For LSF the RSL parameter (count=x) is translated into: bsub –n x … Just allocates x processors, and dispatches the job to the first one Used for parallel applications Should be: bsub … x times … Two major problems: Scalability Fault tolerance

12. Globus GRAM Architecture Client LSF/ Condor/ PBS/ … Globus front-end machine Jobmanager Job pc1% globusrun –b –r pc2.pd.infn.it/jobmanager-xyz \ –f file.rsl file.rsl: & (executable=/diskCms/startcmsim.sh) (stdin=/diskCms/PythiaOut/filename (stdout=/diskCms/Cmsim/filename) (count=1) pc1 pc2

13. Scalability One jobmanager for each globusrun If I want to submit 1000 jobs ??? 1000 globusrun  1000 jobmanagers running in the front-end machine !!! %globusrun –b –r pc2.infn.it/jobmanager-xyz –f file.rsl file.rsl: & (executable=/diskCms/startcmsim.sh) (stdin=/diskCms/PythiaOut/filename) (stdout=/diskCms/CmsimOut/filename) (count=1000) It is not possible to specify in the RSL file 1000 different input files and 1000 different output files … $(Process) in Condor Problems with job monitoring (globus-job-status)

14. Fault tolerance The jobmanager is not persistent If the jobmanager can’t be contacted, Globus assumes that the job(s) has been completed Example of problem Submission of n jobs on a cluster managed by a local resource management systems Reboot of the front end machine The jobmanager(s) doesn’t restart Orphan jobs  Globus assumes that the jobs have been successfully completed

15. GRAM & GIS How the local GRAMs provide the GIS with characteristics and status of local resources ? The Master will need this (and other) information Tests performed considering: Condor pool LSF cluster

16. GRAM & Condor & GIS

17. GRAM & LSF & GIS

18. Jobs & GIS Info on Globus jobs published in the GIS: User Subject of certificate Local user name RSL string Globus job id LSF/Condor/… job id Status: Run/Pending/…

19. GRAM & GIS The information on characteristics and status of local resources and on jobs is not enough As local resources we must consider Farms and not the single workstations Other information (i.e. total and available CPU power) needed Fortunately the default schema can be integrated with other info provided by specific agents WE need to identify which other info are necessary Much more clear during Master design

20. RSL We need a uniform language to specify resources, between different resource management systems The RSL syntax model seems suitable to define even complicated resource specification expressions The common set of RSL attributes is often not sufficient The attributes not belonging to the common set are ignored

21. RSL More flexibility is required Resource administrators should be allowed to define new attributes and users should be allowed to use them in resource specification expressions (Condor Class-Ads model) Same language to describe the offered resources and the requested resources (Condor Class-Ads model) seems a better approach

22. Second step: Condor-G GRAM CONDOR GRAM LSF GRAM PBS globusrun Site1 Site2Site3 Using condor_submit and Globus Universe Condor-G Submit jobs condor_q condor_rm …

23. Condor-G ? Condor Schedd + Grid manager Why Condor-G ? Usage of Condor architecture and mechanisms able to provide robustness and reliability The user can submit his 10,000 jobs and he will be sure that they will be completed (even if there are problems in the submitting machine, in the executing machines, in the network, …) without human intervention Usage of Condor interface and tools to “manage” the jobs “Robust” tools with all the required capabilities (monitor, logging, …)

24. Condor-G (Globus Universe) Condor-G tested considering as Globus resource: Workstation using the fork system call LSF Cluster Condor pool Submission (condor_submit), monitoring (condor_q), removing (condor_rm) seem working fine, but…

25. Condor-G The Globus Universe architecture is only a prototype Documentation not available Scalability in the submitting side One shadow per each globusrun Very difficult to understand about errors Some errors in the log files Some improvements foreseen in the next future Scalability, … The problems of scalability and fault tolerance in the Globus resources are not solved Fault tolerance only in the submitting side

26. Condor-G Architecture Condor G (Globus Client) LSF/ Condor/ PBS/ … Globus front-end machine Jobmanager Job condor_submit  globusrun polling (globus_job_status) Jobs pc1% condor_submit file.cnd File.cnd: Universe = globus Executable = /diskCms/startcmsim.sh GlobusRSL = (stdin=/diskCms/PythiaOut/filename) stdout=/diskCms/CmsimOut/filename) log = /diskCms/log.$(Process) GlobusScheduler = pc2.pd.infn.it/jobmanager-xyz queue 1 pc1 pc2

27. Condor GlideIn Submission of Condor jobs on Globus resources Condor daemons (master, startd) run on Globus resources These resources temporarily become part of the Condor pool Usage of Condor-G to run Condor daemons Local resource management systems (LSF, PBS, …) of Globus resources used only to run Condor daemons For a cluster it is necessary to install Globus only on one front-end machine, while the Condor daemons will run on each workstation of the cluster

28. GlideIn pc3 Cluster managed by LSF/Condor/… Globus Personal Condor Globus pc1 pc2 pc1% condor_glidein pc2.pd.infn.it … pc1% condor_glidein pc3.pd.infn.it …

29. Condor GlideIn Usage of all Condor mechanisms and capabilities Robustness and fault tolerance Only “ready-to-use” solution if we want to use Globus tools Also Master functionalities (Condor matchmaking system) Viable solution if the goal is just to find idle CPUs The architecture must be integrated/modified if we have to take into account other parameters (i.e. location of input files)

30. Condor GlideIn GlideIn tested (considering standard and vanilla jobs) with: Workstation using the fork system call as job manager Seems working Condor pool Seems working Condor flocking better solution if authentication is not required LSF cluster Problems with glidein of multiple nodes with a single condor_glidein command (because of the problem related with the LSF parameter (count=x))  Multiple condor_glidein commands  Problems of scalability (number of jobmanagers)  Modification of Globus scripts for LSF

31. Conclusions (problems) Major problems related with scalability and fault tolerance with Globus GRAM The Globus team is going to re-implement the Globus GRAM service When ??? How ??? The local GRAMs provide the GIS with not enough information  The default schema must be integrated WE must identify which information are necessary RSL not enough flexible Condor Class-Ads seems a much better solution to specify resources Condor-G can provide robustness only in the submitting side

32. Future activities Complete on-going GRAM evaluations (i.e. PBS) Bug fixes Modification of Globus LSF scripts … Tests with real applications Solve the scalability and robustness problems Not so simple and straightforward !!! Possible collaboration between WP1, Globus team and Condor team

33. Other info http://www.pd.infn.it/~sgaravat/ INFN-GRID http://www.pd.infn.it/~sgaravat/ INFN-GRID/Globus