1. How we learn from experience Memory and Amnesia

2. Thorndike Puzzle box KW 13-3

3. Pursuit rotor KW 13-6

4. Verbal Memory Remember the following letters PBSFOXBETABCCBSMTVNBC

5. Recall as many letters as you can

6. Verbal Memory Remember the following letters PBS FOX BET ABC CBS MTV NBC

7. Recall as many letters as you can

8. Memory: Declarative vs Procedural Declarative-the ability to state a memory in words: ABOUT THINGS Example: Remembering your mother’s maiden name. Procedural-the development of motor skills: HOW TO DO THINGS Example: Riding a bicycle. Episodic – life experiences; biographic details of own life; Example: HS graduation ceremony

9. Memory: Explicit vs Implicit Explicit-deliberate recall of information that one recognizes as a memory Conscious use of memory Example: taking a multiple choice test. Implicit-the influence of recent experience on behavior, even if one does not realize that one is using memory Unconcious or unintended influences on memory Example: ethnic facial preferences

10. Please read the following words silently to yourself Spring Winter Car Boat

11. Please read the following words silently to yourself Trip Tumble Run Sun

12. Please write down a defintion for the following word Fall

13. Short-term and Long-term Memory Short-term-events that have just occurred Long-term-events from previous times Memories that stay in short-term memory long enough are consolidated into long-term memory

14. Memory Model Sensory registers Short Term or Working Long Term Loss Rehearsal Consolidation Retrieval

15. Short term memory task KW 13-13

16. Working Memory Defined-the way we store information while working with it or attending to it Components Phonological loop-stores auditory info Visuospatial sketchpad-stores visual info Central executive-directs attention toward one stimulus or another

17. Action and Color Words Kw 13-7

18. Memory Areas

19. Amnesia Test Today Car crash HS graduation June 2000 High School Prom 1999 New Home 2001

20. Hippocampus and Amnesia Anterograde Amnesia-loss of memories for events that happen after brain damage Retrograde Amnesia-loss of memories that occurred shortly before brain damage

21. Boxing Blows

22. Case of H.M. Most studied person in psychology Most important case study H.M. had severe epilepsy in temporal lobes William Scoville, neurosurgeon at Hartford Hospital operated on HM in 1953 Removed ventral tips of temporal lobes

23. HM’s Brain KW 13-8 Both sides

24. HM’s Temporal Lobes

25. Effects on HM Recall events from childhood Can engage in conversations Good semantic memory Cannot recall events that have just happened Cannot recall any new facts Cannot remember new faces

26. Memory Model Sensory registers Short Term or Working Long Term Loss Rehearsal Consolidation Retrieval

27. What is HM’s deficit Anterograde Amnesia for declarative memory: fact, events, people. No concept of amount of time that has passed. Still shows procedural memory: new tasks. Some implicit memory: realizes that his parents have died.

28. Temporal Lobe Memory Areas

29. Memory circuits KW 13-10

30. Emotional Memory Circuit KW 13-16

31. Korsakoff’s Syndrome Korsakoff’s Syndrome- brain damage caused by long- term thiamine deficiency (both retrograde and anterograde amnesia)

32. Alzheimer’s Disease Alzheimer’s Disease- severe memory loss associated with aging Amyloid beta protein accumulates in the brain and impairs neuron function Plaques Tangles

33. Alzheimer’s Disease KW p. 504

34. How does learning happen? Function and structural changes

35. Changes in Function Existing brain cells Donald Hebb (1904-1985) Existing circuits start reverberatory circuits Eventually form cell assemblies Cell assemblies are memories

36. Enriched Environment KW p. 514 Creating novel circuits over time

37. Cortex changes in experience KW 13-20 Blood Glial

38. Changes in motor cortex KW 13-21

39. Memory Anterograde: malfunction in memory consolidation Retrograde: loss of “permanent” memories most likely cell death on cortex End