1. Ecosystem Management

2. Reserves in Papua

3. Reserves Proposed by Diamond

4. Papua today (no longer Irian Jaya)

5. Nature Reserves in Papua

7. Comparison

8. Chalk Grassland

12. Aldo Leopold (on left) and forest service crew in 1911 in Arizona

15. Snags and other dead wood

17. Adaptive Management

18. Yellow-eyed Penguin and Breeding Sites

19. Hooker’s or New Zealand Sea Lion

20. Keys to Reserve Management Once a reserve is established, the job has only begun – 5 major factors must be managed to maintain reserve populations: 1. Human visitors 2. Natural disturbances 3. Water regimes 4.Exotic species and overabundant natives 5.Balancing human needs with reserve needs

21. National Park Entrances - Yellowstone 1940’s & Yosemite today

22. Yosemite National Park – Hikers on Half Dome

23. Yosemite National Park – Air Pollution

24. Yosemite National Park - smoke from forest fires

25. Natural Disturbances and Succession

26. 1988 Yellowstone Fire

28. Aerial Photo of Yellowstone Fire 1988

29. Carbonton Dam, Deep River, NC

30. Elwha River – Olympic National Park

31. Elwha River Dam Removal

32. Tamarisk or salt cedar

33. Tamarisk study and removal

34. Humpback Chub Endangered – about 7650 live in Grand Canyon

35. Glen Canyon Dam Release

37. Grand Canyon Burro Removal

38. Mountain Goat - Oreamnos americanus

39. Distribution of Mountain Goats

40. The Olympic Mountain endemics Campanula piperi (bellflower; upper) and Viola flettii (Flett's violet) occupy rock crevices in the subalpine and alpine zones of the Olympic Mountains. The bellflower is known to be eaten by mountain goats (photos from NPS).

41. Mountain Goat Movements in Olympic National Park

42. Mountain Goat Removals

43. Mountain Goat Population Trends

44. Mountain Goat Distribution 2011

45. Mountain Goat Olympic National Park

46. Brazilian Pepper Tree

47. Brazilian Pepper tree in Florida

48. Brazilian Pepper Tree in the Everglades

49. UNESCO – Man and Biosphere Reserve Model

50. UNEP – REDD+ Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) is an effort to create a financial value for the carbon stored in forests, offering incentives for developing countries to reduce emissions from forested lands and invest in low-carbon paths to sustainable development. “REDD+” goes beyond deforestation and forest degradation, and includes the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks.

52. Key activities that must be monitored and perhaps eliminated in a reserve Commercial harvesting of game and fish Intensive harvesting of natural plant products Logging and farming Use and occurrence of fire Recreational activities