1. Association of Mental Health Librarians Association of Mental Health Librarians San Diego, California San Diego, California October 8, 2005 October 8, 2005

2. New Players in Cited Reference Searching: PsycINFO and Google Join Thomson ISI

3. Stephanie Ballard, MLS, MEd Marcia Henry, MLS, MS

4. Brief History of Citation Indexing 1873 legal literature by Frank Shepard 1873 legal literature by Frank Shepard 1955 scientific literature Eugene Garfield 1955 scientific literature Eugene Garfield 1973 ISI Social Sciences Citation Index 1973 ISI Social Sciences Citation Index 1995 CINAHL; 2001 PsycINFO 1995 CINAHL; 2001 PsycINFO 2005 search engines: Google Scholar 2005 search engines: Google Scholar

5. Happy Birthday, Eugene!

6. Garfield’s Vision Manage post-WWII information explosion Manage post-WWII information explosion Measure importance of published research Measure importance of published research “Association-of-ideas index” “Association-of-ideas index” Track development of scientific thought Track development of scientific thought Simply bibliographic descriptions Simply bibliographic descriptions Subject specialists not needed Subject specialists not needed Thesaurus/jargon not needed Thesaurus/jargon not needed

7. Thomson ISI Citation Products ( Institute for Scientific Information) Science Citation Index (SciSearch) Science Citation Index (SciSearch) Social Science Citation Index Social Science Citation Index (Social SciSearch) (Social SciSearch) Arts and Humanities Citation Index Arts and Humanities Citation Index Web of Science (WoS) Web of Science (WoS) Web of Knowledge (WoK) Web of Knowledge (WoK) Journal Citation Reports Journal Citation Reports

8. ISI: Current Uses Verify references Verify references Scholars and students follow trends Scholars and students follow trends in theories and review literature Scholars track citations of their works Scholars track citations of their works Personnel committees evaluate faculty Personnel committees evaluate faculty Funders select grant recipients Funders select grant recipients Attorneys challenge expert witnesses Attorneys challenge expert witnesses

9. ISI: for faculty evaluation Technical problems, e.g. citation errors Technical problems, e.g. citation errors Multiple authors Multiple authors Changing/hyphenated surnames, esp among women Changing/hyphenated surnames, esp among women No distinction between positive and negative citation No distinction between positive and negative citation Just crude data, doesn’t consider collegial interaction Just crude data, doesn’t consider collegial interaction Faculty submit to journals that will get them into the citation indexes Faculty submit to journals that will get them into the citation indexes From: Method or Madness? by Katherine Corby

10. ISI: role of Publishers/Authors Data manipulated by publishers and editors? Data manipulated by publishers and editors? (Journal Citation Reports) Publishers may require authors to add more references, esp to articles in their journals Publishers may require authors to add more references, esp to articles in their journals “Courtesy references” and “citation clubs” “Courtesy references” and “citation clubs” Politically-motivated flattery Politically-motivated flattery Self-citation Self-citation From: Trends in the Usage of ISI Bibliometric Data by Brian Cameron

11. ISI: What’s Missing? Only indexes @8000 journals Only indexes @8000 journals No books and other formats No books and other formats No web documents No web documents Weak in foreign-language/int’l journals Weak in foreign-language/int’l journals Nisonger found it captured only 29% citations to his work Nisonger found it captured only 29% citations to his work From: Citation Autobiography by Nisonger

12. DIALOG ISI Quick Facts (from Blue Sheets) SciSearch 6100 journals 6100 journals 22 million records 22 million records Coverage starts 1974 Coverage starts 1974 Social SciSearch 1700 journals 1700 journals 4 million records 4 million records Coverage starts 1972 Coverage starts 1972

13. Database Quick Facts CINAHL 1800 journals 1800 journals 1 million records 1 million records 4,700,000 cited refs 4,700,000 cited refs References added 1994 References added 1994 Citing refs added 2004 Citing refs added 2004 “times cited in this db” “times cited in this db”PsycINFO 1900 journals 1900 journals 2 million records 2 million records References added 2001, References added 2001, some go back to 1988 some go back to 1988 Citing refs added 2005 Citing refs added 2005 “find citing references” “find citing references”

14. CITED Reference Searching (retrospective/backward linking) P A S T

15. CITING Reference Searching (prospective/forward linking) T E U F U R

16. Sample Searches ISI SocSci PsycINFO G. Scholar G. Print Total 1994 Book Authors: Mitchell, Friedman Cited: 9 Cited: 0 Unique: 6 Cited: 0 Cited: 11 Cited: yes Unique: 8 Cited: 12 Unique: 6 23 1995 Article Authors: Munsch, Woodward, Darling Cited: 9 Cited: 0 Cited: 1 Cited: 2 Cited: 0 Cited: 6 Cited: yes Cited: 1 2000 Book Chapter Authors: Wittig, Molina Cited: 2 Cited: 0 Cited: 1 Cited: yes Cited: 1 2001 Article Authors: Skolnick, Shaw Cited: 2 Cited: 1 Cited: yes Cited: 0

17. Conclusions Retrievals for cited refs grow quickly Retrievals for cited refs grow quickly ISI continues to offer unique retrievals ISI continues to offer unique retrievals Google Print/Scholar find unique retrievals also: online theses, reading lists, class notes, online journals Google Print/Scholar find unique retrievals also: online theses, reading lists, class notes, online journals

18. ISI DIALOG at CSU NORTHRIDGE: First experiences with DIALOG’s custom search form

19. Custom form

20. Retrievals using the custom form

21. Full Record Display

22. Next steps: find article rather than full ISI record

23. MetaSearch

24. SFX in CSUN’s MetaSearch assists by often retrieving article

25. Advantages Can search several databases simultaneously to find article by title or keyword Can search several databases simultaneously to find article by title or keyword May find related articles on same topic since doing a word search May find related articles on same topic since doing a word search Ultimate goal is article rather than ISI’s full record Ultimate goal is article rather than ISI’s full record

26. CSUN’s custom ISI on DIALOG encourages use of latest technologies : federated searching and SFX

27. Some URLs CITED REFERENCE SEARCHING CITED REFERENCE SEARCHING http://library.csun.edu/R esearch_Assistance/cite dreferences.html http://library.csun.edu/R esearch_Assistance/cite dreferences.html http://library.csun.edu/R esearch_Assistance/cite dreferences.html http://library.csun.edu/R esearch_Assistance/cite dreferences.html

28. http://library.csun.edu/Find_Resources/ Databases/i-dialogISI.html

29. Search Costs

30. http://library.csun.edu/Research_As sistance/citedreferences.html

31. Email from Eugene Garfield 8/8/05 Dear Marcia: Thanks for your prompt reply. I looked at your postings. In general I have always agreed that other databases should be used in addition to WOK if one wants to be absolutely comprehensive. I went to the Elsevier Website and apparently the correct initial page is indeed 299 so the source entry in WoS needs to be corrected. I went to the Elsevier Website and apparently the correct initial page is indeed 299 so the source entry in WoS needs to be corrected. In general I think you have provided a valuable service and encourage you to continue and expand your samples. With best wishes. Gene Garfield

32. Happy Digging! Happy Digging!