1. Chapter 6 Measuring Variables

2. DESCRIBING VARIABLES  Correspondence  Standardization  Quantification  Duplication

3. CRITERIA FOR SELECTING A MEASURING INSTRUMENT  Utility  Sensitivity to Small Changes  Non-Reactivity  Reliability –Test-Retest Method –Alternate-Form Method –Split-Half Method –Observer Reliability (the reliability of the process)  Validity –Content Validity –Criterion Validity –Face Validity

4. RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY REVISITED

5. MEASUREMENT ERRORS  Constant Errors –Contrast Error –Halo Effect –Error of Leniency –Error of Severity –Error of Central Tendency  Random Errors –Transient Qualities of the Research Participants –Situational Factors –Administrative Factors