1. Plant Cell Information By: Becky McGuire

2. Cell Structure A. Cell: basic structural and physiological unit of all life.

3. 2 types 1. Prokaryotes: cells without a nucleus --genetic material not enclosed in membrane --no nucleus in cells; no internal organelles --single, circular DNA in cytoplasm 2. Eukaryotes: cells with a nucleus, genetic material surrounded by membrane --humans, multi-cellular organisms, algae, protozoa --cell membrane and nuclear membrane --double helix DNA

4. Plant vs. Animal Cells Plants have: large vacuoles, cell wall, chloroplasts --Plants don’t have: lysosomes, centrioles, pseudopods, flagella/cilia --Animals cells don’t have chloroplasts, cell wall

5. Cell Composition 90% fluid (cytoplasm)=amino acids, proteins, glucose, etc

6. Structures of a Cell A. Cell walls: encloses all organelles B. Plasma membrane: made of phospholipid bilayer membrane. Clear and thin, lines cell wall C. Protoplast: inside of cell/cellular contents. Cytoplasm is liquid that covers inside of cell

7. Structures of a Cell D. Organelles: internal structures within protoplast. 1. leucoplasts: store oil, starch, proteins 2. chloroplasts: contain chlorophyll, store starch, contain DNA 3. mitochondria: site of respiration and produce energy. Use ATP to convert food into usable energy, through aerobic respiration

8. Structures of a Cell Organelles, cont. 4. nucleus: contains chromosomes (DNA) (DNA is also found in mitochondria and chloroplasts 5. Vacuoles: storage for waters, sugars, salts 6. Endoplasmic reticulum: synthesizes (breaks down) proteins. Transport network for molecules. --Rough: has ribosomes/sheets --Smooth: no ribosomes/tubes --Ribosomes: RNA goes here for translation into specific proteins

9. Structures of a Cell Organelles, cont 7. Golgi Apparatus: breaks down and secretes glucose 8. Microtubles: make up cilia