1. California Energy Commission Minimum Efficiency Performance Standards and Plug-Loads IEPR Workshop on Plug-Load Efficiency California Energy Commission June 18, 2015 Ken Rider Appliances and Existing Buildings Office Efficiency Division Ken.Rider@energy.ca.gov / 916-654-5006

2. California Energy Commission Historical Perspective California first set plug-load standards in 1976 for refrigerators, the first US appliance efficiency and first plug-load efficiency regulation. Plug-load standards continued to be set, with recent examples including standards for televisions and battery charger systems. New plug-load standards for computers and monitors are being discussed. Standards have been effective at slowing the growth of expanding plug-loads.

3. California Energy Commission

4. Market Transformation Covered products must comply with minimum efficiency levels to be sold or offered for sale in California. Achieves full market adoption and extends to retrofits in existing buildings through natural product replacement. California appliance standards cause market transformation outside of the state, and in some cases can lead to transformation of the entire North American market. This magnifies energy savings exponentially.

5. California Energy Commission

6. Standards are Fueled by Innovation Efficiency standards require economically feasible technologies: o They do not invent technologies; o They do increase market adoption of efficient technologies. Over 40 years have passed, and new opportunities continue to arise, even for refrigerators! Standards are a viable approach to energy efficiency as long as scientists and engineers produce new innovative technologies. Energy Commission has plans to investigate new standards for several products.

7. California Energy Commission Highlighted Green = already regulated Highlighted Yellow = regulations planned Highlighted Red = No regulations planned

8. California Energy Commission Advantages of Appliance Standards Relatively high savings and low costs compared to rebate, outreach, and education programs. Can overcome non-technical barriers to increased efficiency: Renter/owner split incentives; Building/buyer split incentives; Information barriers; and Extreme aversion to risk and profitable status quo. Can target new saturation of appliances as well as replacement units. Savings begin as soon the product is used and without additional intervention.

9. California Energy Commission Limitations of Appliance Standards California is prohibited from adopting more efficient standards for many plug-loads due to federal preemption. Appliance standards cannot target installation or opportunities to save further energy past the store shelf. Can only target “average”, not heavy users of plug-loads. Must wait five years to revise standards (by law).

10. California Energy Commission Based on California Energy Demand 2014–2024 Final Forecast, California Energy Commission, tables 2 and 25.