1. Inequality in Crime Across Place: The Role of Segregation and Racial Structure Lauren J. Krivo Ruth D. Peterson Danielle Payne Department of Sociology Ohio State University

2. SEGREGATION AS: Part of the racial and ethnic structure of U.S. society Harms Black and advantages White communities Broader more complex effect on neighborhoods

3. Segregation and the Context of Crime Racially structured social systemRacially structured social system Segregation reproduces racially and ethnically different local structural contexts for crimeSegregation reproduces racially and ethnically different local structural contexts for crime Multi-level argument Multi-level argument

4. Does segregation have direct consequences for crime in neighborhoods? Neighborhoods of differing racial/ethnic composition are located in cities that vary in segregationNeighborhoods of differing racial/ethnic composition are located in cities that vary in segregation Higher neighborhood crime in more segregated citiesHigher neighborhood crime in more segregated cities For all types of neighborhoods For all types of neighborhoods

5. Do city segregation and neighborhood disadvantage also affect local crime through differential access to more or less segregated cities, AND more or less disadvantaged neighborhoods?

6. Data and Analyses National Neighborhood Crime Study (NNCS) 9,592 tracts in 91 cities Dependent variable - 3 year robbery counts (1999-2001) Neighborhood characteristics Disadvantage Disadvantage Race/Ethnic Neighborhood Type Race/Ethnic Neighborhood Type Residential instability Residential instability Percent in crime prone ages Percent in crime prone ages

7. City characteristics Black-White residential segregation (D) Black-White residential segregation (D) Percent secondary sector workers Percent secondary sector workers Manufacturing employment Manufacturing employment Population Population Percent non-Hispanic Black Percent non-Hispanic Black Region (south and west) Region (south and west) Multi-level model Non-linear poisson model Variable exposure by tract population

8. Tract Variable b ebebebeb Disadvantage.5453**.5453**1.725 Black Nghd..3353**.3353**1.398 Latino Nghd..07691.080 Minority Nghd..3162 **.3162 **1.372 Integrated Nghd..2281 **.2281 **1.256 Residential Inst..2687**.2687**1.308 % Young Males.0050*.0050*1.005 Multi-Level Model: Level 1 Effects

9. City Variable b ebebebeb Segregation.0154**.0154**1.016 Secondary Sector.0236*.0236*1.024 Manufacturing -.0215** -.0215**.979 Population.0001*.0001*1.001 Percent Black.0147**.0147**1.015 South-.1247.8828 West.1573.15731.170 Multi-Level Model: Level 2 Effects

10. Segregation effect by neighborhood type

11. White Neighborhoods Black Neighborhoods

12. Latino Neighborhoods

13. Conclusions City segregation plays a broad and critical role in heightening neighborhood violent crimeCity segregation plays a broad and critical role in heightening neighborhood violent crime Blacks and Latinos live in separate social spheres from their White counterpartsBlacks and Latinos live in separate social spheres from their White counterparts