1. Culture, Creativity, Innovation Ch 14 Part 1: April 19

2. Org Culture Framework of attitudes, values, norms, expectations shared among org members Difference between espoused and enacted cultures Common dimensions: –What are typical dimensions along which culture is measured? Possible to have several cultures, called subcultures

3. Ben Schneider (SIOP ’05 presentation) Distinctions betw culture and climate Culture concerns beliefs & values exemplified by how orgs behave and the myths/stories that perpetuate it Climate concerns what happens in orgs, meaning people attach to it, & behavior and attitudes that follow

4. (cont.) Climate has a longer history: –Lewin (1939) – –1960’s – –1975 – B. Schneider’s climate for ____ –2000 – Zohar – –Method preference?

5. (cont.) Culture’s history in orgs: –Pettigrew (1979) – –Deal & Kennedy (1982) – –Schein (1985; 1992) – –Frost (1991) – –Predominant methodology?

6. Functions of Org Culture Provides sense of identity Strong cultures increase org commitment Clarify norms, rules to newcomers

7. Deciphering Culture Use artifacts – observable symbols –Examples? Survey employees –How can this be problematic? Observation Best approach is combination

8. Identifying Culture Goffee & Jones (98) – Double S Cube 2 dimensions of culture – –Sociability (friendliness of members) Can promote creativity or can promote ingroup/outgroup distinctions –Solidarity (share understanding of tasks) Can increase coordination or can promote ingroup/outgroup distinctions

9. Double S Cube Combination of 2 dimensions results in 4 types of cultures: Possibility of different subcultures; changes over time; no data on which is best Low Solidarity High Solidarity Low SociabilityFragmentedMercenary High Sociability NetworkedCommunal

10. Deal & Kennedy Culture as ‘the way things get done around here.’ Measured in terms of: –Feedback –Risk 4 types of cultures: –Tough-guy/macho culture: –Work hard/play hard: –Bet your company culture: –Process culture:

11. Formation of Culture Impact of org founder’s personality Adaptation to marketplace/environment How is culture learned? –Examples? What is culture’s effect on performance?

12. Changing Cultures What affects change in cultures? Strategies for merging cultures: –Assimilation –Deculturation –Integration –Separation

13. Strengthening Cultures Actions of leaders Introduce culturally consistent rewards Maintain stable workforce Selection process (screen for culture fit) Socialization process (mold new ees)