1. Promoting Code Reuse Often in programming, multiple procedures will perform the same operation IN OTHER WORDS – the same piece of code will do the same thing somewhere else in the application Rather than retyping the code twice (or even more than twice….), code can be written in a general (sub/function) procedure and can be called into use from other procedures (therefore promoting reuse)

2. Promoting Code Reuse Click each command button triggering the click event procedure associated with each one

3. Promoting Code Reuse Now when we click on the hello command button we trigger the click event procedure associated with that command button but also call the other procedures which execute in turn producing the same output

4. Creating a ‘Sub Procedure’ The coding of a new procedure is similar to the other event procedures that we have been coding, but is not in itself attached to any event Therefore, this code cannot be executed unless a CALL is specified from another procedure, for the General Sub Procedure To call a Sub Procedure, just give the procedure name

5. Creating a ‘Sub Procedure’ 2 ways to create a General Sub Procedure [1] simply type in the procedure definition in the code window [2] use the tools / add procedure menu command

6. Type sub myprocedure and press return on the keyboard and the procedure is created

7. Very Important - visibility Sub procedures are by default Public in all modules, which means they can be called from anywhere in the application So what is the scope of this newly created procedure?

8. Very Important - visibility So you should put the PRIVATE keyword in front of the sub keyword to reduce the procedures visibility

9. tools / add procedure menu command

10. Creating a ‘Sub Procedure’ The Sub statement declares the name, arguments, and code that will form the body of a subroutine / sub procedure as follows: [Private | Public] Sub ProcedureName [(arguments)] statements End Sub

11. Advantages of a ‘Sub Procedure’ Code is easier to write and debug - test individual modules Code is maintainable Improves code structure Decreases the size of individual procedures and often the size of the program itself Disadvantages of a ‘Sub Procedure’ Requires extra preparatory work Need to understand logical design of code structure May require more CPU time and memory

12. Calling a ‘Sub Procedure’ The use of the keyword Call is optional but required in certain cases: ProcedureName Call ProcedureName Call ProcedureName ( ) An Event Procedure can also be called Command1_Click Call Command1_Click Call Command1_Click ( )

13. Scope of Variables: General Sub Procedures Example 1

14. Scope of Variables: General Sub Procedures