1. Recent work: Gray Matter Density Differences in Psychopathy

2. Violent Offenders and Psychopathy Socially devastating disorder Responsible of a for 50% to 70% of all violent crimes (Moffitt, 1993; Hodgins, 1994). Affective, interpersonal, and behavioral characteristics Lack of empathy, guilt, or remorse Pathological lying Persistent violation of social norms and expectations It is not known if these men display abnormal brain structure.

3. Healthy Men (n=25) Violent Offenders (n=26) Group Difference Age, (y)34.6 (10.8)32.5 (8.4)T=0.783, P=0.438 White ethnicity, n (%)25 (100)26 (100) P=1.000 * Alcohol dependence, n (%)026 (100) P< 0.001 * Polysubstance abuse, n (%)020 (76.9) P< 0.001 * Total intracranial volume, (Mean + SD) 1707 (117)1654 (108)T=1.664, P=0.102 * Fisher exact test Table 1. Participants and Clinical Characteristics

4. Offenders Psychopathy a (N=12) Offenders ASPD b (N=14) Group Difference Mean age (y)33.0 (8.6)32.1 (8.5)T=0.256, P=0.800 Duration of alcohol abuse (y)19.6 (10.0)18.3 (8.9)T=0.356, P=0.725 Polysubstance abuse, n (%)12 (100)8 (57)X 2 =6.69, P=0.010 Global IQ score (Mean + SD) * 94.7 (8.6)88.7 (8.8)T=1.740, P=0.095 Current psychotropic medication, n (%) 8 (67)7 (50)X 2 =0.74, P=0.391 PCL-R Total score (Mean + SD)34.6 (3.1)25.9 (2.8)T=7.566, P< 0.001 Arrogant and deceitful interpersonal style scores (Mean + SD) 6.03 (1.74)1.90 (1.12)T=7.287, P< 0.001 Deficient affective experience score (Mean + SD) 7.83 (0.58)6.14 (1.10)T=4.782, P< 0.001 Impulsive, irresponsible behavioral style score (Mean + SD) 9.67 (1.15)9.71 (0.47)T= -0.142, P=0.889 Table 2. Clinical Characteristics of Violent Offender with Psychopathy and those with ASPD only.

5. Left HemisphereRight Hemisphere Psychopathy versus Controls Pattern of percent gray matter local difference (top) and statistical signi fi cance (bottom) of the cerebral cortex.

6. Cortical Midline Structures engaged in domains of the self OMPFC AC PC DMPFC Cortical midline structures (Northoff and Bermpohl, 2004) Deficitary functioning of the self Deficit in self- subfunctions Orbitomedial prefrontal cortex (OMPFC), Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC), Anterior cingulate (AC), Posterior cingulate cortex (PC).