1. Charles Darwin inspecting beetles collected during the voyage of the Beagle. (After various sources, especially Huxley & Kettlewell 1965 and Futuyma 1986.)

2. Figure 1.1 Speciescape, in which the size of individual organisms is approximately proportional to the number of described species in the higher taxon that it represents. (After Wheeler 1990.)

3. Figure 1.2 A mature larva of the palm weevil, Rhynchophorus phoenicis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a traditional food item in central Angola, Africa. (Larva after Santos Oliveira et al. 1976.)

4. Figure 1.3 A delicacy of the Australian Aborigines: a witchety (or witjuti) grub, a caterpillar of a wood moth (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) that feeds on the roots and stems of witjuti bushes (certain Acacia species). (After Cherikoff & Isaacs 1989.)

5. Box 1.1

6. Box 1.2

7. Box 1.3