1. LCLS Transition to Science DOE Status Review of the LUSI MIE Project Near term opportunities for LCLS 'upgrades' J. Hastings for the LCLS Experimental Facilities Division June 25, 2009  x,y = 0.4  m (slice) I pk = 3.0 kA  E /E = 0.01% (slice) Recent Results! (25 of 33 undulators installed)

2. 2 J. B. Hastings jbh@slac.stanford.edu 2 Near term opportunities for LCLS 'upgrades' LCLS SAC June 25, 2009 Goals Increase user access Multiplex options Soft x-rays (800-2000eV) - AMO, SXR Hard x-rays (up to 25 keV) – XPP, XCS, CXI, MEC Performance enhancements Energy range Long wavelength Short wavelength Polarization Pulse duration Laser-electron beam interactions

3. LCLS Transition to Science DOE Status Review of the LUSI MIE Project Polarization

4. 4 J. B. Hastings jbh@slac.stanford.edu 4 Near term opportunities for LCLS 'upgrades' LCLS SAC June 25, 2009 XPP AMO XCS Offset Monochromator X-ray transport tunnel XCS MEC CXI SXR

5. 5 J. B. Hastings jbh@slac.stanford.edu 5 Near term opportunities for LCLS 'upgrades' LCLS SAC June 25, 2009 Hard X-ray mirrors Soft X-ray mirrors AMO, SXR, XPP, XCS, CXI, MEC AMO SXR Large offset monchromator Instrument layout

6. 6 J. B. Hastings jbh@slac.stanford.edu 6 Near term opportunities for LCLS 'upgrades' LCLS SAC June 25, 2009 Soft X-ray experiments at LCLS (500) 800 eV – 2 keV Beam sharing in place on a ‘12 hour basis’ (mirror deflection between AMO and SXR) Typical AMO experiments are dilute samples: put re-focusing optics behind AMO: run two experiments in ‘parallel’ Soft X-Ray Offset mirror system

7. 7 J. B. Hastings jbh@slac.stanford.edu 7 Near term opportunities for LCLS 'upgrades' LCLS SAC June 25, 2009 XCS Large Offset Monochromator

8. 8 J. B. Hastings jbh@slac.stanford.edu 8 Near term opportunities for LCLS 'upgrades' LCLS SAC June 25, 2009 XCS Large Offset Monochromator Troika, ID10B, ESRF Kohzu, BL24XU, Spring-8 LUSI Concept

9. LCLS Transition to Science DOE Status Review of the LUSI MIE Project Increased Energy Reach

10. 10 J. B. Hastings jbh@slac.stanford.edu 10 Near term opportunities for LCLS 'upgrades' LCLS SAC June 25, 2009 Baseline: K = 3.5 = 3.0 cm  = 8415 (4.3 GeV) 1 =1.5 nm u Long wavelength ‘limit’: K = 3.5 = 3.0 cm  = 5870 (3.0 GeV) 1 =3.1 nm u Long wavelength limit

11. 11 J. B. Hastings jbh@slac.stanford.edu 11 Near term opportunities for LCLS 'upgrades' LCLS SAC June 25, 2009 2 nd Harmonic Afterburner Z. Huang, S. Reiche 0.75-Å radiation using “spent” LCLS beam, and completely parasitic to LCLS operation at 1.5 Å. Add 40-m, 2 nd -harmonic tapered undulator SLAC-PUB-10694. Parameters: 130 m 43 m 1.5-Å LCLS Undulator afterburner 0.75-Å Increase hard x-ray energy reach 0.75-Å 1.5-Å Si (111)

12. LCLS Transition to Science DOE Status Review of the LUSI MIE Project Pulse Duration

13. 13 J. B. Hastings jbh@slac.stanford.edu 13 Near term opportunities for LCLS 'upgrades' LCLS SAC June 25, 2009 Ex +Ex +Ex +Ex + EyEyEyEy Phase shifter  Horizontal + vertical undulators or two helical undulators Horizontal + vertical undulators or two helical undulators Polarization controlled by phase shifter, fast switch possible with pulsed dipoles at ~100 Hz Polarization controlled by phase shifter, fast switch possible with pulsed dipoles at ~100 Hz π - π/2 - π/4 π/2 π/2 π/4 π/4 5 π/4 5 π/4 0 Polarization Control by Crossed Undulator Studies show that equal power in x & y requires L 2 = 1.3L G Studies show that equal power in x & y requires L 2 = 1.3L G Over 80% polarization is expected at SASE saturation Over 80% polarization is expected at SASE saturation Second undulator can be adjusted as a second-harmonic afterburner if needed Second undulator can be adjusted as a second-harmonic afterburner if needed K.-J. Kim, NIMA 2000 Y. Ding & Z. Huang, PRST-AB 2008

14. LCLS Transition to Science DOE Status Review of the LUSI MIE Project Multiplex options

15. 15 J. B. Hastings jbh@slac.stanford.edu 15 Near term opportunities for LCLS 'upgrades' LCLS SAC June 25, 2009 x   E/E  t  x y Thin slotted foil in center of chicane coulomb scattered e  unspoiled e  coulomb scattered e  eeee 15-  m thick Be foil P. Emma, M. Cornacchia, K. Bane, Z. Huang, H. Schlarb, G. Stupakov, D. Walz (SLAC) PRL 92, 074801 (2004).

16. 16 J. B. Hastings jbh@slac.stanford.edu 16 Near term opportunities for LCLS 'upgrades' LCLS SAC June 25, 2009 2 fs fwhm z  60 m x-ray Power Power (GW) Genesis 1.3 FEL code ~10 10 photons (<1 fs possible)

17. 17 J. B. Hastings jbh@slac.stanford.edu 17 Near term opportunities for LCLS 'upgrades' LCLS SAC June 25, 2009 accepted in PRL Y. Ding Z. Huang Simulation at 1.5 Å based on measured injector & linac beam & Elegant tracking,with CSR, at 20 pC. Simulation at 1.5 Å based on measured injector & linac beam & Elegant tracking, with CSR, at 20 pC. 1.5 Å, 3.6  10 11 photons I pk = 4.8 kA   0.4 µm SIMULATED FEL PULSES Y. Ding Z. Huang 15 Å 15 Å, 2.4  10 11 photons, I pk = 2.6 kA,   0.4 µm 1.2 fs Simulation at 15 Å based on measured injector & linac beam & Elegant tracking,with CSR & 20 pC. Simulation at 15 Å based on measured injector & linac beam & Elegant tracking, with CSR & 20 pC. Measurements and Simulations:20-pC Bunch, 14 GeV MEASURED SLICE EMITTANCE time-slicing at 20 pC  x = 0.14 µm 20 pC tested J. Frisch 135 MeV 20 pC

18. 18 J. B. Hastings jbh@slac.stanford.edu 18 Near term opportunities for LCLS 'upgrades' LCLS SAC June 25, 2009 Power profile at 25 m Average photon number: 2.4x10 11 Estimated time-bandwidth product ~ 3 times Fourier-transform limit.

19. 19 J. B. Hastings jbh@slac.stanford.edu 19 Near term opportunities for LCLS 'upgrades' LCLS SAC June 25, 2009 Two-Stage SASE FEL C. Pellegrini Short pulse, or narrow bandwidth, & wavelength is more stable Moderate – new undulator line or upgrade SLAC-PUB-9370 SLAC-PUB-9370,TESLA-FEL-97-06E,SLAC-PUB-9633,SLAC-PUB-10310 Parameters: 30 fs 30 Self-seeding

20. LCLS Transition to Science DOE Status Review of the LUSI MIE Project Laser electron beam interaction

21. 21 J. B. Hastings jbh@slac.stanford.edu 21 Near term opportunities for LCLS 'upgrades' LCLS SAC June 25, 2009 Now measure BPM jitter with deflector OFF, and then ON (at constant phase)  t  ±0.6 ps slope =  2.34 mm/deg 9  m rms 110  m rms TCAV ON TCAV OFF BPM Y Position (mm) Measuring Bunch Arrival Time Jitter with an RF Deflector eeee V(t)V(t) S-band (2856 MHz) y-BPM Timing Jitter = (110  m)/(2.34 mm/deg) = 0.047 deg  46 fsec rms

22. 22 J. B. Hastings jbh@slac.stanford.edu 22 Near term opportunities for LCLS 'upgrades' LCLS SAC June 25, 2009 A. Zholents PRL 800-nm modulation (few GW) E-SASE (applied to LCLS) 4 GeV 14 GeV Allows synchronization between laser pulse and x-ray pulse peak current enhanced x7 70 as 24 kA SASE FEL short pulse train Peak current z / L 15-25 kA

23. 23 J. B. Hastings jbh@slac.stanford.edu 23 Near term opportunities for LCLS 'upgrades' LCLS SAC June 25, 2009 Linac-0 L  6 m Linac-1 L  9 m  rf  25° Linac-2 L  330 m  rf   41° Linac-3 L  550 m  rf   10° BC1 R 56  39 mm BC2 R 56  25 mm DL2 R 56  0 DL1 R 56  6 mm undulator L  130 m …existing linac new rfgun X Laser Heater SLAC linac tunnel undulator hall Linac-0 Linac-1Linac-2Linac-3BC1BC2 DL2 undulator L  130 m 13.6 GeV 4.54 GeV  z  0.02 mm  z  0.02 mm …existing linac rfgun X LaserHeater New elements 10-GW laser L = 0.8-2.2  m L = 0.8-2.2  m wiggler ~3 m 10-period Chicane buncher R 56 = 0.3-0.8 mm ESASE in the LCLS

24. 24 J. B. Hastings jbh@slac.stanford.edu 24 Near term opportunities for LCLS 'upgrades' LCLS SAC June 25, 2009 ESASE single spike selection Two ten-cycle lasers (second laser tunable wavelength with OPA) Two ten-cycle lasers (second laser tunable wavelength with OPA) Tapered undulator to compensate LSC and enhance contrast Tapered undulator to compensate LSC and enhance contrast  E (MeV) P (GW) Ding, Huang, Ratner, Bucksbaum, Merdji, FEL2008

25. 25 J. B. Hastings jbh@slac.stanford.edu 25 Near term opportunities for LCLS 'upgrades' LCLS SAC June 25, 2009 Special Thanks to: Y. DingP. Emma, J. Frisch,Z. Huang, H. Loos, A. Zholents, J. Wu …… Y. Ding, P. Emma, J. Frisch, Z. Huang, H. Loos, A. Zholents, J. Wu ……

26. 26 J. B. Hastings jbh@slac.stanford.edu 26 Near term opportunities for LCLS 'upgrades' LCLS SAC June 25, 2009 End of Presentation