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Flying Further Than Any Other Aircraft in History
Aircraft Performance Flying Further Than Any Other Aircraft in History 26,389.3 miles Written for the Notre Dame Pilot Initiative By the Pilots of the University of Notre Dame “Teaching the Science, Inspiring the Art, Producing Aviation Candidates!”
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Roadmap POH Density Altitude Takeoff Distance
Cruise Performance, Power & Fuel Burn Landing Distance Crosswinds
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Pilot’s Operating Handbook (POH)
Also known as Approved Flight Manual (AFM) Organized into Sections General Limitations Emergency Procedures Normal Procedures Performance Weight & Balance Airplane & Systems Description Handling, Service, & Maintenance Supplements
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Frequent Terms Maximum Takeoff Weight (MTOW) Maneuvering Speed
Maximum gross weight at which the airplane is permitted to takeoff Maneuvering Speed Maximum speed for maneuvers at which full application of the primary flight controls cannot overstress the airframe
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Maneuvering Speed VA = 113 kts
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Density Altitude Revisited
Density Altitude is pressure altitude corrected for nonstandard temperature Varies directly with temperature and humidity Varies indirectly with pressure It is a number which tells you what the airplane (wings and engine) feels
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Density Altitude
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Density Altitude Chart
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Takeoff Distance Two Varieties Factors Ground Roll
Distance to Clear 50 ft obstacle Also known as Takeoff Distance Distance for aircraft to clear a 50-foot obstacle after a standing start at maximum takeoff power Factors ↑ Weight = ↑ Distance (and speed) ↑ Air Density = ↓ Distance ↑ Headwind = ↓ Distance ↑ Slope = ↑ Ground Roll ↑ Flaps = ↓ Ground Roll ↑ Friction = ↑ Ground Roll
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Cessna 172R Takeoff Distance
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0 deg Takeoff Perf
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25 deg Takeoff Perf
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Climb Performance Vx=Best Angle of Climb VY=Best Rate of Climb
Gain maximum altitude in shortest distance VY=Best Rate of Climb Gain maximum altitude in shortest time Cruise Climb
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Cessna 172R Climb Performance
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Cruise Flight An airplane is more efficient at altitude
Wings Engines Weather is generally confined to the troposphere so you can fly over it Higher gives more options in case of emergencies Reserves Day VFR: 30 minutes at normal cruising speed Night VFR: 45 minutes at normal cruising speed
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Cessna 172R Cruise Performance
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Cessna 172R Cruise Performance
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Engine Performance
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Performance Cruise VG = VL/D = 65 kts
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Economy Cruise VS = 55 kts
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Endurance Graph
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Landing Distances Two Varieties Factors
Ground Roll Distance over a 50 foot obstacle Also known as Takeoff Distance Distance for aircraft to clear a 50-foot obstacle after a standing start at maximum takeoff power Factors ↑ Weight = ↑ Distance (and speed) ↑ Air Density = ↓ Distance ↑ Headwind = ↓ Distance ↑ Slope = ↓ Ground Roll ↑ Flaps = ↓ Distance ↑ Friction = ↓ Ground Roll Maximum performance landings are always accomplished with full flaps Stiff crosswinds sometimes dictate the use of partial flaps
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Cessna 172R Landing Distance
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40 deg Landing Perf
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Boeing 727 Landing Distance
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Crosswinds Maximum Demonstrated Crosswind Component is the maximum crosswind that existed during FAA certification Often is not close to real maximum capability of aircraft Weak link is generally lack of rudder authority (not enough deflection) Often VX-Wind = 0.3 VS0
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Crosswind Chart 30 knot wind, 30 deg off of the nose
= 26 knot headwind = 15 knot crosswind
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