1. Wastewater Treatment Engineering Engineering

2. Environ. Engineering Course Sequence CE4501 Env.Chem P-Chem GE3850 Geohydrol. CE4508, 4507,4509 Drinking & WasteWater ce4505 Surf.Water CE3501 CE3502 CE4504 Air Quality CE4506 Regs,P2,3 Fluids BL4451 Limnology FW4220 Wetlands CE4620 Open Channel Flow CE3620 Water Resources Thermo CE4630 Hydraulic structures CE5508: Biogeochem., CE5504: Surf.Water Qual. Modeling

3. Historical Background Public Health Environmental Protection Investigation of an outbreak of cholera in London in 1854 provided one of the first links between sewage disposal, drinking water supply and waterborne disease. A 1920s, study of the East and Fox Rivers in Green Bay was commissioned because workers in downtown could not open windows in summer due to the stench. Environmental problems plague this system to this day.

4. What’s in wastewater?  human feces and urine  food from sinks  soaps and other cleaning agents  runoff from streets and lawns  industrial discharges Nature of Wastewater

5. … and water … lots of it!  Urinal - 1 gallon per flush – 0.4 gal/flush  Toilet - 4 gallons per flush – 2 gal/flush  Shower - 20 gallons per use  Overall - 55 gal/person/day Nature of Wastewater

6. So what’s the problem? Nature of Wastewater

7. Levels of Treatment

8. Regulatory Basis Clean Water Act of 1972 (since amended) Technology-based standards (2°) Water quality-based standards Fishable-swimmable NPDES (permitting system) TMDLs (maximum daily loads)

9. Scope of Application On-Site Rural - Municipal Urban - Municipal Industrial

10. Portage Lake Wastewater Treatment Plant Lift Station Bar Screens Grit Chamber Flow Equalization 1° Clarifier 1° Clarifier 2° Clarifier 2° Clarifier Aeration Tank UV Disinfection 1st Stage Anaerobic Digester 2nd Stage Anaerobic Digester Land Application Sludge Storage Filter Press Recycle Supernatant RAS WAS 1°S Polymer Added Fe added Fe added

11. Bar Racks and Screens Wastewater Treatment (Preliminary) Bar racks and screens remove large solids which could clog pumps and pipes in the wastewater treatment plant. Solids are collected and sent to a landfill.

12. Settling Tank Wastewater Treatment (Primary) Settling tanks remove the large solids which remain suspended in the wastewater and about 50% of the oxygen-demanding substances. The solids are sent on for further treatment (sludge digestion) and ultimate disposal.

13. Activated Sludge Wastewater Treatment (Secondary) In the activated sludge process, bacteria and other microorganisms are used to remove small solids and oxygen-demanding substances present in the wastewater. Outflow from this tank undergoes settling and the excess sludge is sent on for further treatment (sludge digestion) and ultimate disposal.

14. Wastewater Treatment (Tertiary) Phosphorus removal by precipitation … Ferric chloride, Fe(Cl) 3 producing FePO 4 and Fe(OH) 3 Alum, Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ·18H 2 O producing AlPO 4 and Al(OH) 3 Tertiary treatment refers to any of a variety of biological, chemical, and/or physical methods used to reduce levels of specific pollutants in a wastewater stream. Among these are levels of solids and oxygen-demanding materials, toxic metals and organic chemicals, and algal nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. All wastewater treatment plants (>2 MGD) discharging to the Great Lake are required to remove phosphorus. This is often accomplished through chemical precipitation as described below.

15. Wastewater Treatment (Tertiary) Carbon adsorption Carbon adsorption is an incredibly effective means of removing organic chemicals from wastewater … chemicals which would otherwise pass through the plant and enter the environment. This technology is also applied in drinking water treatment, both municipally and with consumer-installed devices.

16. Wastewater Treatment (Disinfection) Ultraviolet Light Disinfection is the most important step in wastewater treatment because it removes pathogens and thus protects receiving waters used for contact recreation and as a drinking water supply. Chlorine is the most commonly used disinfectant. Because of adverse effects on the environment, chlorine is being replaced by other methods such as ozonation and ultraviolet light (the method used a our plant in Houghton.

17. Incineration Wastewater Treatment (Sludge) A variety of means are available for ultimate disposal of sewage sludge. Landfilling and incineration are the most common. Here, the sludge is introduced to the top of a multiple-hearth furnace. The sludge dries and ultimately ignites as it moves down the surface toward the fire. The product is ash (landfilled) and stack gases which are collected for further treatment.

18. Wastewater Treatment (Effluent)

19. CE4507 - Wastewater Collection & Water Distribution CE4508 – Water & Wastewater Treatment and Design CE4509 – Environmental Process Simulation CE5501 - Environmental Process Engineering CE5502 - Biological Waste Treatment Processes CE5503 – Physical-Chemical Treatment Processes CE5507 - Sorption and Biological Processes Coursework Students have the option of building a ‘concentration’ in water and wastewater treatment as part of the B.S. in Environmental Engineering at Michigan Tech.

20. Government (MDEQ, City of Detroit) Industry (GM, Kodak) Consulting (CH2M-Hill, Montgomery-Watson) Graduate Study & Research (U.S. EPA, MTU) Employment Check out the web pages of these organizations for professional opportunities.

21. Study Question Where does the wastewater from your home go? What kind of treatment system is utilized? Reading Assignment Take a wastewater treatment plant tour (“Go With the Flow”) courtesy of the Water Environment Federation. http://www.wef.org/publicinfo/#