1. West Sacramento Avenue Modifications Presented By: Justin DeKnoblough Rusty D’anna Leo Villicana Todd Orange Shane Winton Israel Patterson ~Providing Tomorrows Vision Today~

2. “Our goal at Horizon Engineering is to design quality projects that intertwine creativity, sustainability, and economic feasibility in order to provide tomorrows vision today.”

3. Project Location

4. Who is using RAC? CIWMB (California Integrated Waste Management Board) has awarded more than 60 grants totaling $4.2 million between January and April of this year alone. Many of these grants help first-time or limited- RAC users, including but not limited to San Clemente, Fremont, Rancho Cordova, Brea, San Fernando, Galt, Ripon and Nevada City.

5. Individuals, businesses, local governments, universities, school districts, park districts, and qualified California Indian tribes can be awarded these grants. City of Thousand Oaks using RAC since 1991. To date, Thousand Oaks has used rubber from 1.3 million discarded tires. Who is using RAC? (cont’d)

6. Why Rubberized Asphalt?

7. About the Product Rubberized Asphalt Concrete Over 30 years of research and testing has gone into the development of RAC. Performance The life cycle RAC of is twice that of standard asphalt concretes in roadway applications. There is a reduction in traffic noise. Increases tire traction

8. Cost Analysis Based on a ten mile stretch of freeway in Arizona (I-40) and current trends 1.) A 5 mile section consisting of standard AC took 2 years to complete at $45 / yd. After 9 years of service this section displayed major signs of distress 2.) An adjacent 10 mile stretch of highway using RAC took 4 months to complete at $10 /yd After 15 years the 10 mile section still looks great.

9. Applications TDA (tire derived aggregates) can be used in combination with concrete for reduced strength applications. Slope stabilization Indoor and outdoor tracks. TDA can be used for school yard fill.

10. Why use RAC? Heritage Research Institute conducted a TCLP (Toxic Characteristic Leachability Procedure) study per EPA standards SW846-1311 and SW846-351. The leachate was tested for heavy metals, volatiles, semivolatiles, organics, and PAH’s (Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons) to determine how safe the HMA, and RAC mix designs were in terms of ground water contamination. The results for all leachate tests per EPA standards had levels BDL (Below Detection Limits) ranging form 2.0-.005 μg/L for Barium, Arsenic, Mercury, Lead, and other heavy metals.

11. Why use RAC? California currently Generates 40 million scrap tires annually. Of which about 75% are put back to work for the community through… TDA (Tire Derived Aggregates) RAC (Rubberized Asphalt Concrete ) The remaining 10 million tires end up either stockpiled or in the landfill or are being dumped illegally.

12. Environmental Benefits Reduction in land fill volume !! Controlled insect population!! Assured ground water safety!! Reduction the worlds carbon footprint!!

13. Problem Road Condition:  Transverse, longitudinal, and alligator cracking along the road.  Potholes due to heavy traffic (12,996 Vehicles/day)  High need of maintenance due to an average daily traffic of 12,996

14. Road Congestion  Limited roadway driving space on West Sacramento Ave.  Heavy flow of traffic especially during the hours of: 11:00am to 2:00pm 4:00pm to 8:00pm  CSU Chico students complain about arriving late to class due to the heavy traffic and limited roadway driving space. Students prefer to take other longer routes instead of having to deal with this problem.

15. Roadway Driveways  Driveways: 1.Residents 2.Businesses 3.College Dorms: Esken, Mechoopda, and Konkow –Short site distances from driveways could create a traffic hazard

16. Railroad Intersection  A potentially hazardous condition exists!  Traffic stops on the railroad tracks constantly by physical observation due to: 1.Back up of traffic from turning vehicles onto North Cedar Street 2.High volume of pedestrian and bicycle traffic directly associated with commuting Chico State students 3.Bike crossings from the bike path that runs parallel to the railroad

17. Accident Data 1 accident in 2003 No accidents associated with the back up of traffic due to left turning vehicles onto North Cedar Street No pedestrian incidents along this section of road Dorm and business residents have no concerns about driveway site distances along West Sacramento Avenue

18. Conclusion From Findings: Overlay the existing road for a quieter, less- maintenance-required roadway for the City of Chico

19. Design Alternatives Alternative #1: Widen West Sacramento Avenue to a four lane road Alternative #2: Add a center turn lane down West Sacramento Avenue Alternative #3: Rubberized asphalt overlay of the existing corridor

20. Plan View of West Sacramento Avenue, Chico California

21. Typical Street Section

22. Typical Pavement Section

24. Specifications of Rubberized Asphalt Concrete  Consists of mixing gap graded aggregate and asphalt rubber binder Spread and compact the mixture 7 to 9 percent by mass of dry aggregate in the asphalt rubber binder/aggregate mix Cannot be below 55 degrees Fahrenheit to apply rubberized asphalt Regular asphalt layer must exist below the layer of rubberized asphalt concrete

25. Crumb Rubber Modifier Crumb rubber modifier is also referred to as the rubber binder Rubber binder is made from a combination of scrap tire and natural rubber No more than 0.01% of wire in the mix No more than 0.05% fabric in the mix

26. Monthly Averages & Records for Chico, CA °F | °CFC MonthAverage LowAverage HighAverage Precip.Record LowRecord High January 35° 54°5.17 in12° (1937)77° (1920) February 39° 60°4.5 in16° (1989)82° (1920) March 42° 65°4.32 in23° (1971)93° (1914) April 45° 72°1.59 in27° (1922)98° (1926) May 51° 80°0.91 in30° (1984)108° (1910) June 57° 88°0.47 in38° (1986)115° (1961) July 61° 93°0.05 in40° (1981)117° (1972) August 59° 92°0.16 in38° (1978)116° (1914) September 55° 88°0.59 in35° (1986)114° (1988) October 47° 79°1.34 in23° (1971)107° (2001) November 40° 63°3.5 in20° (1916)91° (1936) December 35° 54°3.63 in11° (1932)76° (1998)

27. Summary  Environmental Advantages

28. Summary  Cost Benefits RAC costs approximately 35% more than HMA initially However, in the long run RAC will prove to cost less than HMA

29. Summary  Technological Resources  We used AutoCAD 2006 3D to design our roadway profiles and typical cross-sections We used Microsoft Excel to create graphs and tables

30. Summary  Outside Collaboration Partners To everyone involved in this process, thank you!

31. Summary  Implementation of Engineering Design  We designed the typical roadway cross-sections using current Caltrans design procedures  We incorporated current Caltrans design specifications into the RAC-G overlay design  We calculated the roadway layers (RAC/HMA/AB/AS) by utilizing current design practices learned in our transportation class

32. Summary  Effective Use of the Engineering Process  Stuff  More stuff 

33. Summary  Brainstorming Approaches +  Flowcharts  Research  Outside Collaboration

34. Special Thanks To:  Rachel Aviles GIS Analyst for City of Chico  Dr. Ding Cheng, Ph.D.,P.E. Assistant Professor California Pavement Preservation Center at California State University, Chico  Alex Peterson, Hydraulics Engineer, California Department of Transportation, Caltrans

35. References [1] http://thenumbersguru.com/wp-content/uploads/2006/07/Tire%20fire.jpghttp://thenumbersguru.com/wp-content/uploads/2006/07/Tire%20fire.jpg [2] http://images.jupiterimages.com/common/detail/45/92/23119245.jpghttp://images.jupiterimages.com/common/detail/45/92/23119245.jpg [3] http://www.abc.net.au/reslib/200710/r190100_713879.jpghttp://www.abc.net.au/reslib/200710/r190100_713879.jpg [4] http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/images/animalpics/rat2.jpghttp://www.sheppardsoftware.com/images/animalpics/rat2.jpg [5] http://accessories.us.dell.com/sna/productdetail.aspx?sku=a0492003&cs=04&c= us&l=en http://accessories.us.dell.com/sna/productdetail.aspx?sku=a0492003&cs=04&c= us&l=en [6] http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/excel/FX100487621033.aspxhttp://office.microsoft.com/en-us/excel/FX100487621033.aspx [7] http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/esc/http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/esc/ [8] http://www.chico.ca.us/http://www.chico.ca.us/ [9] http://www.ecst.csuchico.edu/__depts/ce/Faculty_Staff/Members/Ding_Cheng.ht ml http://www.ecst.csuchico.edu/__depts/ce/Faculty_Staff/Members/Ding_Cheng.ht ml [10] http://h20331.www2.hp.com/hpsub/cache/301430-0-0-225-121.htmlhttp://h20331.www2.hp.com/hpsub/cache/301430-0-0-225-121.html [11] http://asymptotia.com/wp-images/2007/08/homer-simpson-wallpaper-brain- 1024.jpghttp://asymptotia.com/wp-images/2007/08/homer-simpson-wallpaper-brain- 1024.jpg

36. Questions?