1. Short History of Assessment
By Jeanne Pfeifer

2. Major Changes in Assessment
Norm Referenced Tests
Criterion Referenced Tests
Authentic Assessment

3. Norm Referenced
1920
World War I—IQ Screening

4. Norm Referenced Based on “the Bell Curve” Use standardized tests
Comparing students to students
Want to create a spread
Item analysis
Distinguish items: High achievers get correct and low achievers get wrong
Used for screening people in and out

5. Criterion Referenced
1970
1920
Criterion
Referenced
Testing
Began

6. Criterion Referenced Specific standards established
Certain information/learning is necessary to continue the next steps of learning.
Students learning is compared to the criteria or standards (NOT to each other)
Assumption: If students do not reach standards, find other means of teaching students
Banks of testing items created to match different types of curriculum (mostly multiple items)

7. Authentic Assessment
1970
1980s
1920
Authentic
Assessment

8. Authentic Assessment
Not all of what we teach can be assessed by paper and pencil tests nor by multiple choice items
Students need to demonstrate what they learned: performance based (based on constructivist learning theory)
Assessment is different than testing or grading (closer to diagnosis)
Multiple means of assessment

9. Examples of Authentic Assessment
Rubrics (specific criteria—teaching is planned around criteria)
Includes attention to non-academic or difficult to assess
Cooperative learning
Critical thinking skills
Social learning
Differentiates summative vs. formative assessment
Portfolios

10. Rubrics Have “layers” May be based on developmental levels
May be “weighted” for different categories at different times of the years
Need to be sensitive to the time to present to learners
Too early=overwhelming (haven’t taught it yet)
Too late=not useful for modifying or developing products
Eventually students can develop rubrics (they have internalized the criteria)