1. Be 8 Decay Mass Be 8 = 8.005305 u Mass He 4 = 4.002603 u Excess mass = 9.9x10 -5 u E released = D mc2 = (9.9x10 -5 u) c 2 (931.5 MeV/c 2 / u) =.0922 MeV p1p1 p2p2 Momentum conservation: Energy conservation: Constituent equations:

2. Be 8 Decay (continued) Energy Be 8 = (8.005305 u) c 2 (931.5 MeV/c 2 / u) = 7456.94 MeV Rest energy He 4 = (4.002603 u) c 2 (931.5 MeV/c 2 / u) = 3728.42 MeV Momentum = Sqrt[E 2 /c 2 –m 2 c 2 ] = 19.3 MeV/c Classical kinetic energy = p 2 c 2 /(2 mc 2 ) =.05 MeV g = 1.000013 Energy He 4 = 7456.94 MeV/2 = 3728.47 MeV Kinetic energy He 4 = 3728.47 - 3728.42 MeV =.05 MeV b =.0052

3. C 14 Decay Mass C 14 = 14.003242 u = 13044.020 MeV Mass N 14 = 14.003074 u = 13043.863 MeV pepe pnpn Momentum conservation: Energy conservation: Constituent equations: Mass e - =.511 MeV Mass N 14+ = Mass N 14 - Mass e - = 13043.352 MeV N 14+ Excess Energy =.668 MeV

4. C 14 Decay (continued)

5. C 14 Decay – Fastest Electron pepe pNpN Momentum conservation: Energy conservation: Constituent equations: n

6. L Decay Mass L = 1115.6 MeV Mass p = 938.6 MeV p p Momentum conservation: Energy conservation: Constituent equations: Mass p - = 139.6 MeV L Center of mass

7. L Decay Solved in Lab Mass p = 938 MeV p p Momentum conservation: Energy conservation: Constituent equations: L Mass p - = 139.6 MeV Mathematica solution