1. “The Structuring of Protest” Piven and Cloward

2. Roots of Power in Society Roots of Power in Society: Those who Control Coercion and Production (1) Role of Culture/Ideology: Legitimizes Current Distribution of Resources Beliefs that develop within unequal power relations tend to reinforce them. Class Struggle: Muted by Culture (1-2) Class conflict that arise form the unequal distribution of resources negins to appear impossible or wrong.

3. Roots of Power in Society Elections: Obscure Wealth and Power: You Get to Pick Rulers Academic Culture and Power: Perpetual Electoral Myth Acad. Have perpetuated the idea that representative govts are not based on power. Pluralism: Unfair, but Open and Competitive

4. Roots of Power in Society Left Critique of Pluralism: Ignores Operation of Power 2nd Face: Agenda Setting: Aware of Grievance: Outmaneuvered 3rd Face: Hegemony: Unaware of Grievance Poor: Limited Influence within Electoral System

5. Poor Protest Poor Protest: Possibility and Form Shaped By Social Structure Transformation of Protest: 1) Systems loses legitimacy 2) People begin to assert their rights 3) They start to feel effective Change of Behavior: 1) Masses become more defiant 2) Grievance is acted out collectively

6. Poor Protest The Patterning of Insurgency Protest shaped by institutional context in which they occur. The Electoral System As A Structuring Institution People are socialized to look to electoral syst for redress. As such, it serves as measure of levels of discontent. Voters Can Pressure Change: 1930s: Working Class turn against Reps: 1930-1950s: Afro-Am Voters Defect from Reps

7. Poor Protest Social Location and Forms of Defiance 1) People Exp oppression within a specific context: factory, landlord, etc 2) Inst patterns shape the collectivity form which protest emerges 3) Inst patterns deter. “strategic opportunities” to be defiant. Thesis: Need to look at: 1) The disruptive effects of different types of mass defiance 2) Then examine its political ramifications Disruption is a natural resource, avail to the poor.

8. Poor Protest Limits of Institutional Disruption: Poor in weak position to protest Limited Impact of Mass Defiance