1. Lasers and Laser Research at KFUPM SAICSC-ACS Technical Seminar Zain Yamani KFUPM-Physics 22-8-1426 26-9-2005

2. Plan 1.Introduction What lasers are What their properties are 2.Laser applications (in general) 3.Laser Research at KFUPM 4.Conclusions

3. Introduction LASER is an acronym for: Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission Radiation Lasers were first invents in the late 1950s’around 1958

4. Introduction Three level laser (applet)applet

5. Properties of Laser Highly Directional Highly Directional  High Intensity (albeit not high power!!) Let’s do a rough calculation.. how much light power falls on a door knob 10 meters away from a hand held (5 milli-watt) laser, and compare it to that due to a 100 watt lamp.

6. Monochromaticity Laser line width ~< 1 GHz ~millionth of spectral width of visible light (or better) Properties of Laser

7. Coherence Properties of Laser Laser can be ‘ideally’ focused  high.. high.. high intensity!!

8. Repetitive short pulses average power = repetition rate x pulse width x peak power 1 watt Time (s) 10 ns??? 1/102/100/10 Power (Mega-Watt) Note: pulse width not drawn to scale 10 Hz Properties of Laser

9. Laser Applications Medical Applications Communications Construction Cutting and Welding Security and “Defense ” Environmental Applications Atomic Spectroscopy

10. CuttingWelding click here Laser Applications

13. Laser Research @ KFUPM CAPS Research using laser technology Technical and educational services Training of graduate and undergraduate students

14. Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) Supersonic Jet Spectroscopy Molecular Dynamics Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) Desulphurization Photo-Induced Chemistry Photo-acoustics Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS)

15. The problem: oil dumping in the sea The need: know which ship dumps the oil The solution : fingerprint oils using remote sensing technique (US patent # 6,633,043) Spectral Fingerprints of neat Saudi Marketed Crude Oils Using the Patented Technique Oil Fingerprinting (spectroscopy) Dr. Hegazi

16. Signal Processor YAG Laser Dye Laser Doubling Crystal 1062nm 532nm 560nm Doubling Crystal Crude Oil Sample Collecting Lens Resulting Fluorescence PC Monochromator Photomultiplier Mirror Trigger Signal 280 nm Schematic diagram of the setup Oil Fingerprinting (spectroscopy)

17. Arabian Extra Light Crude Oil Arabian Light Crude Oil Oil Fingerprinting (spectroscopy)

18. S. Aramco R&D Deliberations Contract (2 years) Implementation of project (build fingerprint database of oils + build a finished product) Progress (Phase 1) Next generation of the technique: enhanced fingerprints for weathered oils Fingerprints of the same crude oils after seawater weathering Oil Fingerprinting (spectroscopy)

19. Thin Films (sensors) Thin films gas sensors energy saving applications thin films thermal switches optics Dr. Ayub et. al.

20. Energy Saving Applications Applications Thin Films (sensors)

21. DE-COKING OF COKED CATALYSTS Glass tube Computer Drive Monochromator Computer Box car Averager Lens PMT PMT Power Supply Vacuum Pump Gas Cylinder Pressure gauge Catalyst Stainless steel cross DC High Voltage Power Supply Anode Cathode Read V Read I Dr. Al-Jalal & Dr. Khan

22. Photo-induced Chemistry Methane Cracking The problem: methane utilization and transportation; hydrogen production The need: transform methane into ethane and higher hydrocarbons plus hydrogen Dr. Gondal et. al.

23. Photo-induced Chemistry Methane Cracking M. A. Gondal, Z. H. Yamani, M. A. Ali, A. Al-Arfaj and M. A. Dastageer (2003) “Method for the conversion of methane into C2 and higher hydrocarbons using UV laser” US PTO, September 3, 2003, Application # 10/653,055

24. Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS)

25. Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) Detour

26. Atmospheric pollution monitoring (LIDAR) Another Detour

27. I am sure I have all the time in the world, left! Is there time for just one joke?

28. Conclusion I hope I have been able to stimulate your interest in knowing more about lasers and laser research at KFUPM. Much more than ‘can’ be done when more scientists become active in the field. Researchers at CAPS welcome collaborative projects and/ or exchange of experience or ideas Basic and Applied Research is being conducted at CAPS in the fields of spectroscopy, environmental protection, petro-chemistry, thin films...etc.

29. Acknowledgments I acknowledge my past and current colleagues including professors Gondal, Al-Adel, Klein, Dr. Hameed, Mr. Hussain, Mr. Mastromarino, Mr. Dastageer and the rest of the CAPS team. KFUPM is gratefully acknowledged for its continuous support.

30. Acknowledgments wa assalam alaikum wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh!! Thank you for your attention..

35. Laser Applications Construction and civil engineering Laser pointer and laser level

36. Lasers used in Medical applications: CO 2 Laser Nd YAG Laser Ar + Laser Dye Laser Laser Applications What’s special about using lasers in medicine?

37. الليزر و علاج السرطان الليزر و التهاب الرحم الليزر و المسالك البوليّة الليزر و النزيف المعوي الليزر و جراحة الأذن Laser Applications

38. تطبيقات الليزر في مجال الاتصالات و في تخزين المعلومات و قراءتها الليزر في مجال الاتصالات (optical communication) : إما عن طريق الألياف البصريّة أو في الهواء الطلق! Laser Applications

40. الليزر و تخزين المعلومات في الأقراص المدمجة ( CD&DVD ): ميّزات الأقراص المدمجة: 1- كثافة المعلومات عالية! 2- سرعة تحصيل المعلومة 3- ليس هناك مماسّة ميكانيكيّة، و بالتالي لا ينهك القرص 4- لا يلزم الاحتياط عند التخزين، فهو لا يتأثر بالمجالات المغناطيسيّة و لا بالرطوبة (أو الماء) Laser Applications

41. قراءة المعلومات بالليزر ( laser bar code scanners ): Laser Applications

42. النظام الثنائي البسيط النظام 2 من 5 النظام العالمي للمنتوجات (UPC) Laser Applications

45. Why use a laser in compact disks? Laser Applications

46. Photo-induced Chemistry Methane Cracking