1. Encoding-discourse-decoding

2. Linguistic Codes Codes -- linguistic device for FRAMING messages – technique for identifying stretches of talk as particular kinds of doings that are intended to accomplish particular kinds of work Naturalized codes demonstrate the degree of habituation produced when there is alignment and reciprocity (encoding and decoding) Code switching -- employed as an instrument of METACOMMUNICATION – A direct and indirect form of social commentary

3. Symbol (Sign, Image, Text) symbols are multivocal complexity of associations many ideas, relations between things, actors, interactions & transactions represented simultaneously by the symbol vehicle enables a wide range of groups & individuals to relate to the same symbol in a variety of ways semantically open & manipulable Ambiguous instrumentalities of various forces triggers of social action operating in changing fields of social relationships

4. Discourse (discursive) The articulation of language on real relations and conditions Ways of talking about the world a system of representation Codes and conventions "Discourse, Foucault argues, “constructs the topic. It defines and produces the objects of our knowledge. It governs the way that a topic can be meaningfully talked about and reasoned about.” Discourse -- the bearer of various subject positions – Subject positions -- specific positions of agency and identity in relation to particular forms of knowledge and practice – Subjectivity --produced within discourse, subjected to discourse. Encoding and decoding

5. encoding Denotation Connotation

6. Decoding – 3 positions Dominant-hegemonic position – Decodes in reference to encoding – Symmetry & hegemony Negotiated code or position – Contradictions & situated disjuncture between encoding & decoding Oppositional code – De-totalizes the message in order to re-totalize the message – “struggle in discourse” or “politics of signification”