1. Selection Before the Crop Flowers Seedling traits Growth rate Quality traits Plant stature Days to flowering

2. Seedling Traits Vigor Days to emergence Damping off resistance Cold hardiness Early leaf quality traits “Baby leaf” yield

3. Growth Rate Nutrient scavenging Photosynthetic ability Weed competition Leaf yield

4. Quality Traits Nutritional quality Color Flavor Leaf shape

5. ‘Sputnik’ Arugula

7. Stature and Shape Disease avoidance Weed competition / suppression Leaf cover / fruit protection Harvest-ability Root color Root shape

8. ‘Scarlet Nantes’ - Western

9. ‘Scarlet Nantes’ – Terra Organica

10. ‘Scarlet Nantes’ – Alf Christianson

11. Days to Flowering Bolting tolerance Days to first flower Number of flowers

12. “Crossers” Easily Selected Before Flowering Arugula Beet Carrot Chicory Cilantro Leeks Mizuna Onion Orach Radicchio Radish Swiss chard