1. Development, current state and future of the SmartBuoy programme Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas) Lowestoft Weymouth RV Cefas Endeavour

2. History of UK eutrophication monitoring (1990-2000) Report to OSPAR Ship based observations Good spatial coverage Poor temporal resolution  Annual winter nutrient survey  Occasional summer survey Limited biological data  Chlorophyll, oxygen Labour intensive (expensive)

3. SmartBuoy Locations 6 routine monitoring sites

4. Fibreglass hull 316 Stainless Steel Frame Instruments –ESM2 logger (CT, OBS, Flu, PAR, DO, etc…) –NAS-3X Nutrient Analyser –WMS-2 Water sampler –ORBCOMM telemetry –GPSMML mooring locator –Echomax Radar Reflector –Navigation Light (5 yellow/20 seconds) Mooring – single point below buoy, wire/chain, 900kg sinker 1.8m 4.5m Max. weight ca. 500kg SmartBuoy Configuration - 1

5. SmartBuoy Configuration – 2 LiCor Arm Guard Ring Mooring wire Mooring eye LiCor WMS NAS ESM2 Optode Side View

7. ESM2 + built in C, T, OBS, pressure

8. ESM2 + external sensors Chl Flu PAR Oxygen CDOM

9. NAS-3 TOxN

10. WMS-2

11. SmartBuoy Data Management System – 1 Sensor configuration

12. SmartBuoy Data Management System – 2 Deployment configuration

13. SmartBuoy Data Management System – 3 QA Level 2 (manual QA by expert user)

14. SmartBuoy Data Management System – 4 QA Level 3 (applying field calibrations)

15. LocationStartEnd Thames (Warp)Nov 2000Ongoing Outer Thames (Gabbard) Dec 2000Ongoing Dutch Coast (Noordwijk) Mar 2000April 2002 Oyster GroundMar 2006Ongoing Liverpool BayNov 2002Ongoing North DoggerFeb 2007Sept 2008 DowsingOct 2008Ongoing Celtic SeaApril 2009Ongoing Website: www.cefas.co.uk/monitoring SmartBuoy deployment history

16. Website

17. High resolution temporal data

18. First deployment of Cefas mooring at ‘North Dogger’ study site Sensor packs at surface, midwater (30 m) and seabed (85 m)

19. Physical conditions at ‘North Dogger’ study site during 2007 1 m 31 m 85 m Day of year

20. Phytoplankton bloom development at North Dogger in 2007

21. Time-series – Warp

22. Oyster Grounds methods calibration site

23. Mean growing season (March-October) surface chlorophyll – methods comparison

24. Data uptake – papers Foden, J., Devlin, M. J., Mills, D. K., and Malcolm, S. J. (accepted). Searching for undesirable disturbance: The OSPAR eutrophication assessment method applied to marine waters of England and Wales, Biogeochemistry.

25. OSPAR Comprehensive Procedure TOxN (  M) Chl (mg/m3) Over-winter - November to FebruaryGrowing season – March to October Assessment level & scores – over-winter mean TOxN Assessment level & scores – growing season peak & mean chlorophyll

26. Data uptake – papers van der Molen, J., K. Bolding, et al. (2009). "A 1-D vertical multiple grain size model of suspended particulate matter in combined currents and waves in shelf seas." J. Geophys. Res. 114. SPM concentrations at 1 m below the surface in Liverpool Bay. SPM concentrations at 1 m below the surface at West Gabbard.

27. Weston, K., N. Greenwood, et al. (2008). "Environmental controls on phytoplankton community composition in the Thames plume, U.K." JOURNAL OF SEA RESEARCH 60(4): 246-254.

28. Greenwood et al. Detection of low bottom water oxygen concentrations in the North Sea; implications for monitoring and assessment of ecosystem health. Biogeosciences Discuss., 6, 8411-8453, 2009 Oyster Grounds Storm surge

29. EMECO-NOOS Planning Meeting June 2-3 2009 Towed bodies Ferries Satellites Research vessels Gliders Buoys

30. Summary SmartBuoy observations are a key element of an effective future UK eutrophication monitoring programme Observation strategies across different scales are required for a robust assessment of eutrophication