1. “Harvesting Naturally Occuring And Engineered Proteins For Use in Synthetic Systems ” :Biotransporter Based ” Devices – From Sensors to Actuators to Fuel Cell Membranes :Engineering membranes and transporters: Structure and function of membranes and membrane transporters John Cuppoletti, University of Cincinnati Supported by Army Research Office MURI and DARPA John Cuppoletti Department of Physiology University of Cincinnati

2. John Cuppoletti Dept of Physiology Univ of Cincinnati

3. Pumps, Carriers and Channels Pumps use chemical energy to create gradients Carriers use gradients to transport substances. These do not have open pores. Channels have closed and open states to transport ions and water. John Cuppoletti Department of Physiology University of Cincinnati

4. hClC-2 model (model3_07AB_BL020001) Homology models of eukaryotic channels pH Sensor loop ClC-2 Bacterial Structure pH Sensor loop John Cuppoletti Department of Physiology University of Cincinnati

5. Membrane Based Anthrax Detector John Cuppoletti Department of Physiology University of Cincinnati

6. SOLID SUPPORTED MEMBRANES K + LIPID ION CHANNEL BASED SENSORS John Cuppoletti Department of Physiology University of Cincinnati

7. Actuators John Cuppoletti Department of Physiology University of Cincinnati

8. Proton Transport at 116 o C, I M HCl BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORTERS CAN BE VERY STABLE John Cuppoletti Department of Physiology University of Cincinnati

9. Summary Biological transporters can be used to prepare useful devices. Examples of successes include a membrane based anthrax detector based on protective antigen, a water transporting actuator based on sucrose transporters, high throughput screening devices based on composite membranes containing ion channels. Evidence was presented that some transporters can function at temperatures greater than 100 degrees Centigrade. Solid supported membranes and porous membranes can be formed by self assembly. It is possible to engineer both proteins and devices. Examples studied include high throughput screening, actuators, detectors and fuel cells. Biological engineering may mean something different in future years. Supported by ARO MURI, DARPA, and NIH John Cuppoletti Department of Physiology University of Cincinnati