1. THE ENGINE AND THE ATMOSPHERE

2. Which is the major exhaust product? 1.carbon monoxide 2.nitrogen oxide 3. sulphur dioxide 4.carbon dioxide 5. krypton monoflouride

3. OUTLINE To show the direct relationship between engine emissions and carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere---- and global warming. To provide courses of action.

4. The Planet The Engine

5. winter summer CO2 Level Season Happy Planet ! REGULAR BREATHING

6. The real planet we live on

7. GASOLINE OR COAL OR NATURAL GAS ALWAYS PRODUCES CARBON DIOXIDE AND WATER WHEN BURNED IN AIR Other products too in very small amounts. What are they?

8. Burning hydrocarbon fuels MUST produce carbon dioxide and water

9. Thus, 1 gallon of gasoline produces 18 lbs of carbon dioxide On a holiday trip of 200 miles an average car puts 300 lbs of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. It stays here for 100 years.

10. How many road vehicles are there in the world? 1 5 million? 2 50 million? 3 500 million? 4 5 billion? 5 5 trillion zillion?

11. 500 MILLION VEHICLES IN THE WORLD BURN 2 GALLONS EACH PER DAY That is more than 3 billion tons (3,000,000,000 Kg) of carbon dioxide per year into the atmosphere!!

12. Our Atmosphere is very Thin

13. The Atmosphere The atmosphere of the earth is mainly Nitrogen (78%) and Oxygen (21%) by volume. Carbon dioxide (a green house gas) is only around 0.038%.

14. Mass of the Atmosphere is 5.2 thousand trillion tons

15. The vehicles added 3 billion tons of carbon dioxide per year. The mass of the atmosphere is 5.2 thousand trillion tons

16. This is approximately 0.6 parts of Carbon Dioxide per million parts of atmospheric mass per year. (in volume units it is 0.44 ppmv/yr) This is for vehicles only (add power plants etc. and it comes to 1 to 2 ppmv/yr)

17. CO2 YEAR

18. Greenhouse effect

23. Zellman Warhaft:Zellman Warhaft: Zellman Warhaft:Zellman Warhaft: GLOBAL SURFACE TEMPERATURE CHANGE

24. Kilimanjaro

25. floods….

26. ……and famine

27. HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX VS. ENERGY USE From A Pasternack LLNL Rep. No. UCLR-ID 140773 (Oct. 2000)

28. Carbon dioxide Information center CDIAC.ORNL.GOV INDIA CO2 EMISSIONS

29. INDIA CO2/capita

30. US CO2/capita Carbon dioxide Information Center cdiac.ornl.gov

31. US CO2 emissions Carbon dioxide Information Center cdiac.ornl.gov

32. Carbon emissions are related to: Population (N) amount of carbon to make a unit of energy (C/E) energy usage per unit of GDP (E/GDP) GDP/capita (GDP/N)

33. Kaya Identity N = population GDP = Gross Domestic Product E = energy usage C=carbon into the atmosphere

34. Population(N) GDP/N E/GDP C/E Projections for Kaya Hoffert et al “Nature” V.395 29 Oct. 1998

35. CO2 and global warming are due to: Population increase (demography, geography,economics,sociology,psychology,history….) Increase in standard of living (development,sociology,economics,business,engineering,government………… ) The amount of carbon we use to produce the energy (engineering, chemistry,physics,materials science…….) The energy usage per unit of GDP (business, economics,engineering,operations research……..)

36. ACTION 1.Internalization 2.Education/Research 3.Outreach 4. Examine Tradition

37. The Planet The Engine

38. China CO2 emissions Carbon dioxide Information Center cdiac.ornl.gov

39. China CO2/capita Carbon dioxide Information Center cdiac.ornl.gov

40. Italy CO2 emissions Carbon dioxide Information Center cdiac.ornl.gov

41. Italy CO2/capita Carbon dioxide Information Center cdiac.ornl.gov

42. France CO2 emissions Carbon dioxide Information Center cdiac.ornl.gov

43. France CO2/capita Carbon dioxide Information Center cdiac.ornl.gov

44. 1990 5.9 billion tons of C added. 2006 6.3 billion tons of C added. To cut to 2 billion tons (the 1955 value) by 2100 with the anticipated rate of GDP/capita and power /GDP decline the carbon/power will have to be 10% of today’s value.

45. winter summer CO2 Level Season Happy Planet ! summer REGULAR BREATHING

46. THE ENGINE AND THE ATMOSPHERE