1. Oct 2, 2008SALT2, Uppsala1 The Educational Role of the Library in a Digital Environment Part II: Design for Learning. Michael Buckland NORSLIS Visiting Professor Electronic Cultural Atlas Initiative and School of Information, University of California, Berkeley SALT, Uppsala, October 2, 2008

2. Oct 2, 2008SALT2, Uppsala2 Emanuel Goldberg, b. Moscow, 1881; son of Grigorii Goldberg; Univ. of Moscow, 1900-04; Ph.D w. Robert Luther, Leipzig Univ., 1906; Assistant, Adolf Miethe, TU Charlottenburg, 1906-07; Prof, Akad. f. graphische Künste, Leipzig, 1907-17; ICA, Zeiss Ikon, Dresden, 1917-1933; Kinamo cine camera, 1921; microdots, 1925; search engine, 1927; Contax 35 mm camera 1932; kidnapped by Nazi SA; refugee in Paris, 1933-37; Laboratory, Palestine, Israel, 1937; d. 1970. WHO? Click a name to search for an internet resource.

3. Oct 2, 2008SALT2, Uppsala3 Emanuel Goldberg, b. Moscow, 1881; son of Grigorii Goldberg; Univ. of Moscow, 1900-04; Ph.D w. Robert Luther, Leipzig Univ., 1906; Assistant, Adolf Miethe, TU Charlottenburg, 1906-07; Prof, Akad. f. graphische Künste, Leipzig, 1907-17; ICA, Zeiss Ikon, Dresden, 1917-1933; Kinamo cine camera, 1921; microdots, 1925; search engine, 1927; Contax 35 mm camera 1932; kidnapped by Nazi SA; refugee in Paris, 1933-37; Laboratory, Palestine, Israel, 1937; d. 1970. WHERE?

4. Oct 2, 2008SALT2, Uppsala4 Emanuel Goldberg, b. Moscow, 1881; son of Grigorii Goldberg; Univ. of Moscow, 1900-04; Ph.D w. Robert Luther, Leipzig Univ., 1906; Assistant, Adolf Miethe, TU Charlottenburg, 1906-07; Prof, Akad. f. graphische Künste, Leipzig, 1907-17; ICA, Zeiss Ikon, Dresden, 1917-1933; Kinamo cine camera, 1921; microdots, 1925; search engine, 1927; Contax 35 mm camera 1932; kidnapped by Nazi SA; refugee in Paris, 1933-37; Laboratory, Palestine, Israel, 1937; d. 1970. WHAT?

5. Oct 2, 2008SALT2, Uppsala5 Building the functionality of a reference collection. 1. Context finder: Search support from text to reference works. 2. Context builder: Make, retain notes and links to reference works. 3. Context provider: Make reference works better by adding two-way links, e.g. text has links to place name list AND place name list has links to texts.

6. Oct 2, 2008SALT2, Uppsala6 Text with a interesting details. Who was she? Where is that? What is this? What else was happening? Reader Library resources Encyclopedias Atlases, place name Biographical dictionaries Bibliographies Library catalog Statistical series etc., etc..... In a paper environment, reading inside a library is the best place to learn. It is well designed to explain the context! How do we move this situation into an internet environment?

7. Oct 2, 2008SALT2, Uppsala7 Initial sketch for “Context Finding / Building” interface. Save search path Save link & notes as “stand-off” markup. Save link & notes as embedded mark-up. Insert / block text Define facet Ranked lists of suggested resources for each facet chosen Display of search result

8. Oct 2, 2008SALT2, Uppsala8 Building the functionality of a reference collection. 1. Context finder: Search support from text to reference works. 2. Context builder: Make, retain notes and links to reference works. 3. Context provider: Make reference works better by adding two-way links, e.g. text has links to place name list AND place name list has links to texts.

9. Oct 2, 2008SALT2, Uppsala9 Scanned textNamed Entities

10. Oct 2, 2008SALT2, Uppsala10 Cursor over a name highlights every mention of that name in the text.

11. Oct 2, 2008SALT2, Uppsala11 Named entities are linked to specific resources or dynamic searches over relevant databases.

12. Oct 2, 2008SALT2, Uppsala12 Building the functionality of a reference collection. 1. Context finder: Search support from text to reference works. 2. Context builder: Make, retain notes and links to reference works. 3. Context provider: Make reference works better by adding two-way links, e.g. text has links to place name list AND place name list has links to texts.

13. Oct 2, 2008SALT2, Uppsala13 Named entities not detected automatically can be added manually.

14. Oct 2, 2008SALT2, Uppsala14 Initially, named entities are linked to keyword searches at the appropriate name authorities and metadata services. Here we see a number of possible candidates for “Henry V”.

15. Oct 2, 2008SALT2, Uppsala15 Now that it has been disambiguated, the named entity links directly to the appropriate record.

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19. Oct 2, 2008SALT2, Uppsala19 Building the functionality of a reference collection. 1. Context finder: Search support from text to reference works. 2. Context builder: Making, retaining notes / links to reference works. 3. Context provider: Enriching reference works by adding reverse links, e.g. place name gazetteer mentions where a place is mentioned in texts.

20. Oct 2, 2008SALT2, Uppsala20 Edmund Hogan’s Onomasticon Goedelicum : Locorum et Tribuum Hiberniae et Scotiae = An Index, with Identifications, to the Gaelic Names of Places and Tribes If searchable online, one could, when reading an Irish studies text: 1. Search it (Context finder) 2. Markup text with links to it (Context builder); 3. Markup Hogan with reverse links to the Irish studies text (Context provider) – with rich consequences.

21. Oct 2, 2008SALT2, Uppsala21 Comment: Facet genres include other facets Library subject headings Topic – Geographic subdivision – Chronological subdivision Place name gazetteer Place name – Type – Spatial markers (Lat & long) – When Time Period Directory Period name – Type – Time markers (Calendar) – Where Biographical Dictionary Person – Activity type – Time – Where – Who else

22. Oct 2, 2008SALT2, Uppsala22 Facet genres with facets realigned. WhatWhereWhen Who WHAT (LCSH) X XXX WHERE (Place name list)XXX- WHEN (Time period dir.)XXX- WHO (Biographical dict.) XXXX From LCSH “Lighthouses” to NGA Place name list Geographic Description Code “Lthse” (Lighthouse). Place name list give locations of examples. Catalog gives literature about light houses. Vertical mappings extend semantic links to new vocabularies. Horizontal links provide additional context.

23. Oct 2, 2008SALT2, Uppsala23 Importance of inverting the relationship between the part and the whole: -- Indexes are created by inversion -- Union indexes: Tell you which reference work mentions your query, like the Science Citation Index... as in Google. Use dynamic links to the latest version of the best resources; and, for vocabulary: Search term recommender systems

24. Oct 2, 2008SALT2, Uppsala24 Facet Vocabulary Displays Reference Genre WHAT Topics Cross-references Encyclopedia WHERE PlacesMaps Atlas, place list WHEN PeriodsTimeline Chronology WHO PersonsRelationships Biogr.dictionary Reference Genre VocabularyDisplays Facet Encyclopedia TopicsCross-references WHAT Atlas, place list PlacesMaps WHERE Chronology Time Timelines WHEN Biogr. Dictionary Persons Relationships WHO Paper-based reference collection: Codex determines structure and use. Reversed in a digital environment: Metadata forms infrastructure. Better, build a union index, so you know where too look! http://metadata.berkeley.edu/demos/ Search interest