1. Early States Continental Civilization and Japan

2. Population Islands Mountain and rivers Natural dangers

4. Rainfall and avg. temperature

6. Korea divided amongst three principal kingdoms: Koguryo, Paekche, Silla Japanese have base in Kaya, friendly w/ Paekche Involved in wars on Korean peninsula

7. Yamato’s relations with Korea Nihongi claims that Emp. Jingu conquered Korea in 4th c. CE Above: 1880 Yoshitoshi print of Empress Jingu landing on the Korean peninsula.

8. Korea divided amongst three principal kingdoms: Koguryo, Paekche, Silla Japanese have base in Kaya, friendly w/ Paekche Involved in wars on Korean peninsula Lose Korean foothold, when Silla triumphs

9. T’ang, Silla, Yamato Connections: 600s By 600s, power concentrated in Japan Yamato clan, and allies, involved in Korean struggles T’ang Silla

10. “ Import” of Buddhism ca. 550 Accelerated by Prince Shotoku (574-622), in earlly 7 th c. in alliance with Soga family

11. Buddhism in India World is a place of suffering and pain Suffering comes from desires and acquisitiveness Must deny desire, deny the self Find release (nirvana) in the eight-fold path Gautama (563 - 483 BCE) Hard for most people to realize; instead accumulation of karma (cause and effect) leads to cycle of rebirth (samsara)

12. Buddhism in Japan Early reception of Buddhism in Japan: –1 life is suffering, impermanent –2 Buddhism offers healing powers and salvation, through faith and acts –3 legacy in art & architecture – 4 sense of partaking in higher

13. Sh ō toku's other accomplishments 1. Merit based ranking system –Cap ranks (Kan'i) –Overlapped the existing hereditary system 2. Seventeen Articles of 604 –Moral codes based on Confucianism One ruler Bureaucracy to replace clan heads 3. Missions to China (607, 608, 613) –"From the Sovereign of the Rising Sun” Nippon (Nihon) > Japan

14. T’ang, Silla, Yamato Connections: 600s

15. Shipwreck

16. Hōryūji Temple

17. Hōryūji temple Yakushiji temple

18. The T’ang model: 640s through end of century Especially under Temmu, 672 Emperor at apex of political order Built up military Law codes Land allocation and tax system Provincial capitals and governors Official patronage of religion (Buddhism)

19. Imperial grants of court ranks and office

20. Public land (equal field= j  ri) system Ritsuryō law codes

21. Nara, first permanent capital, 710 In early days, “moving capitals” from 601in Asuka Plain

22. Provincial governor sent off to his post

23. Legitimizing the political order Via origin myths, or history Kojiki (Chronicle of Ancient Japan), 712 Nihon shoki [also called Nihongi] (Chronicles of Japan), 720

24. Construction of the Great Buddha at Tōdaiji Legitimizing the Political Order: Promoting Religion

25. Great Buddha, Of Tōdaiji Temple

26. Dedication ceremony of Great Buddha, 752

27. Move to Heian (794) [Emperor Kammu]

28. North Present day Kyoto (former Heian)

29. Concluding points Importation of culture and political order -First in diffuse fashion, then systematically via “missions State system on Chinese model –Political and economic institutions –imperial and allied aristocratic families Cultural foundations –Buddhism –Myth of “Japanese” founding