1. Chap 16: The Impact of Environment on Human Health Anita Sego Spring, 2005

2. Chap 16: Environmental Impact on Human Health Chapter Objectives Define the terms environmental health and environmental hazard. Explain the relationship between environmental sanitation, sanitary engineers, and the prevention of waterbourne disease outbreaks. Explain the meaning of waterbourne, foodbourne, and vectorbourne diseases and give examples of each. Define the term vector and give examples.

3. Chap 16: Environmental Impact on Human Health Chapter Objectives Define pest, pesticides, target organism, and persistent and nonpersistent pesticides. Identify the major chemical categories of pesticides. Define environmental tobacco smoke, mainstream smoke, sidestream smoke, and passive smoking. Describe the legislation in place to deal with environmental tobacco smoke.

4. Chap 16: Environmental Impact on Human Health Chapter Objectives Describe the sources of lead in the environment and how progress was made in reducing lead levels during the 1990s. Define ionizing radiation and give examples. Explain the dangers of radon gas. Explain how human activities have increased the risk or skin cancer by altering the environment.

5. Chap 16: Environmental Impact on Human Health Chapter Objectives Describe the state of population growth in the world. Interpret the relationship between population growth and human health. Outline some solutions to population growth. Define natural disaster and disaster agent.

6. Chap 16: Environmental Impact on Human Health Introduction Environment –the external conditions, circumstances, and influences surrounding and affecting the growth and development of an organism or community of organisms. Environmental Health –study and management of environmental conditions that affect human health Environmental Hazards –factors or conditions in the environment that increase the risk of human injury, disease, or death.

7. Chap 16: Environmental Impact on Human Health Biological Hazards and Human Health Biological hazards –living organisms, or their products, that increase the risk of disease of death in humans. Environmental sanitation –the practice of establishing and maintaining health and hygienic conditions on the environment. Sanitary engineer

8. Chap 16: Environmental Impact on Human Health Biological Hazards and Human Health Water-borne diseases –poliovirsus- amoebic dysentery –hepatitis A virus- Giardia –Shigella- Crytosporidium –Cholera Spread by Feces in Water –municipal water treatment facilities purify water Outbreaks still occur Fluoridation

9. Chap 16: Environmental Impact on Human Health Biological Food-borne diseases – Salmonella – Clostridium botulinum Protection – Public Health Inspection by Sanitarians – Hand washing Outbreaks of food- borne diseases

10. Chap 16: Environmental Impact on Human Health Vectorbourne Diseases Standing water provide habitat for –pools –tires –open dumps Zoonoses –murine typhus –Lyme disease

11. Chap 16: Environmental Impact on Human Health Vector-Borne Biological Hazards HazardAgent VectorDisease VirusSLE virusMosquito St. Louis encephalitis LaCrosseMosquito LaCrosse encephalitis RickettsiaeR. typhi Flea Murine typhus R. rickettsiiTick Rocky Mt. spotted fever BacteriaYersinia pestisFlea Bubonic plaque Borrelia burg.Tick Lyme disease ProtozoaPlasmodium sp. Mosquito Malaria NematodesWuchereria ban. Mosquito Filariasis(elephantiasis)

12. Chap 16: Environmental Impact on Human Health Chemical Hazards and Human Health Pesticides –herbicides –insecticides Target organism Ideal –inexpensive –kill only target organism –break down rapidly –break down into harmless chemicals

13. Chap 16: Environmental Impact on Human Health Chemical Hazards and Human Health Environmental tobacco smoke –sidestream smoke –mainstream smoke Education Regulation Policy

14. Chap 16: Environmental Impact on Human Health Chemical Hazards and Human Health Lead –health concerns: anemia, birth defects, bone damage, neurological damage, kidney damage –children at greatest risk –sources: gasoline, water pipes & drinking water tainted by lead leached from landfills

15. Chap 16: Environmental Impact on Human Health Physical Hazards and Human Health Radon Contamination Ultraviolet Radiation

16. Chap 16: Environmental Impact on Human Health Psychological Hazards and Human Health Difficult to define and measure Many mental states associated

17. Chap 16: Environmental Impact on Human Health Sociological Hazards and Human Health Often combined with other environmental hazards Population growth demonstrates sociological hazards

18. Chap 16: Environmental Impact on Human Health Population Growth Population growth attributed to –1. Birth rate –2. Death rate –3. Migration Principles –lag phase –exponential phase –equilibrium phase

19. Chap 16: Environmental Impact on Human Health Population Growth - S- Curve Lag phase Exponential Phase Equilibrium Phase?

20. Chap 16: Environmental Impact on Human Health Population Growth Issues –global warming –acid rain –depletion of the ozone –increasing crime rates –epidemics Solutions –various methods of conception control –birth control methods –social policies

21. Chap 16: Environmental Impact on Human Health Site & Location Hazards & Human Health Natural disasters –geophysical & meteorological events –involves interaction of disaster agents –magnitude of overall loss –biological, psychological, & sociological hazards increase –Primary needs after a disaster –food –water –shelter –health care –clothing Federal Emergency Response Agency

22. Chap 16: Environmental Impact on Human Health Natural Disasters Emergency Support Functions (Federal Agencies) –Transportation (DOT)- Health & medical (DHHS & PHS) –Communications (NCS)- Resources support (GSA) –Construction (DOD)- Urban search & rescue (DOD) –Firefighting (DOA)- Hazardous materials (EPA) –Damage information (FEMA)- Food (DOA) ) –Mass care (ARC)- Energy (DOE)

23. Chap 16: Environmental Impact on Human Health Chapter 16 The Impact Of Environment on Human Health