1. Exam 2 Review Astronomy 101 Jeopardy The Interstellar Medium Measurement Techniques The Lives of Stars The Deaths of Stars The H-R Diagram 10 20 30 40 50

2. An astronomer studying newborn stars should search for these star- forming regions of the ISM.

3. 10 points Giant molecular clouds

4. This type of light is the most easily scattered.

5. 20 points Blue Light

6. Thermal energy causes clumps in giant molecular clouds to increase their temperature; this form of energy causes the clumps to contract in size.

7. 30 points Gravitational potential energy

8. OB Associations produce UV radiation which can excite or ionize hydrogen atoms, producing a reddish glow from these types of nebulae.

9. 40 points Emission nebulae

10. Young stars eject mass into space, creating a solar wind that blows away any remaining parts of the nebula, during this stage of star formation.

11. 50 points T Tauri stage

12. The color index B-V measures a star's apparent magnitude in these two filters.

13. 10 points B = Blue V = Visible or Yellow

14. The distance between Earth and a nearby star can be calculated by measuring this.

15. 20 points Parallax angle

16. We can use apparent magnitudes when determining the age of a star cluster because we assume all the stars have this in common.

17. 30 points Distance from Earth

18. A parsec is a unit of distance, and is equivalent to this many light years.

19. 40 points 3.26 light years

20. If we measure a parallax angle of 1 arcsec for a star that we know is 1 pc away, then we know the baseline for our measurement must be this.

21. 50 points 1 AU (astronomical unit)‏

22. Stars spend about 90% of their lifetimes in this region of the H-R diagram.

23. 10 points Main Sequence

24. While on the main sequence, the core of a star is undergoing nuclear fusion which turns hydrogen into this element.

25. Helium 20 points

26. This spectral type of star (OBAFGKM)‏ spends the longest amount of time on the main sequence.

27. 30 points M Stars

28. This balance is reached when the inward pull of gravity is exactly balanced by a source of outward pressure.

29. 40 points Hydrostatic Equilibrium

30. The stellar classifications scheme (OBAFGKM) was originally based on the strength of absorption lines produced by this element.

31. 50 points Hydrogen

32. Stars leave the main sequence when this process stops in their cores.

33. 10 points Hydrogen fusion

34. Very heavy elements, such as gold, are made when very massive stars become one of these.

35. 20 points Supernova explosion

36. When a star like the Sun dies and becomes a white dwarf, it will be composed mostly of this element.

37. 30 points Carbon

38. This strange form of pressure prevents a white dwarf from collapsing into a neutron star or black hole.

39. 40 points Electron degeneracy pressure

40. The cores of very massive stars never reach a degenerate stage between fusion cycles; thus, massive stars never experience this (which is common in low mass stars).

41. 50 points Helium Flash

42. The H-R diagram is used to show the relationship between the temperature of a star and this.

43. 10 points Luminosity

44. Astronomers use these to trace out a star's evolution on the HR diagram.

45. 20 points Evolutionary tracks

46. These types of diagrams, which plot apparent magnitudes as a function of color indices, are really H-R diagrams in disguise.

47. 30 points Color Magnitude Diagrams

48. Main sequence stars form (approximately) a diagonal line across an H-R diagram. These types of objects occupy the lower left region of an H-R diagram (high temperature, low luminosity).

49. 40 points White dwarfs

50. The H-R diagram is named after these two astronomers who developed it.

51. 50 points Hertzsprung and Russell

52. Astronomy Jeopardy Rules Get into groups of 4-5 people and select one person to be the team “buzzer.” After a question is asked, everyone on a team must agree on the answer. When you have the answer, the team “buzzer” who puts his/her hand up fastest will be called on first. You must answer in the form of a question! No shouting out answers! Play Jeopardy!