2. Heat Transfer, Water Cycle, Air Pressure, Masses and Fronts By: Brianna Shields November 14, 2005 By: Brianna Shields November 14, 2005

3. DO NOW  Get your water cycle, heat transfer and air pressure notes and homework out on your desk  Listen to this podcast about hurricanes.  1. What has been happening to the number of hurricanes each year over the past several years?  2. Is global warming playing a role in the number of hurricanes that we are experiencing?  3. When might global warming play the largest role?  Get your water cycle, heat transfer and air pressure notes and homework out on your desk  Listen to this podcast about hurricanes.  1. What has been happening to the number of hurricanes each year over the past several years?  2. Is global warming playing a role in the number of hurricanes that we are experiencing?  3. When might global warming play the largest role?

4. Water Cycle  Describe the goal of the water cycle  To recycle and purify fresh water from the Earth

5. Water Cycle  Diagram  A= evaporation  B= Condensation  C= Precipitation

6. Water Cycle  Evaporation  Sun heats liquid water into gaseous vapor (rises into air)

7. Water Cycle  Condensation  Warm water vapor rises, cools, condenses into drops held by clouds

8. Water Cycle  Precipitation  Water drops in clouds get too heavy and fall back to earth

11. Heat Transfer  Conduction  Definition:  The transfer of heat between two touching solids when atoms vibrate  Good conductors transfer heat well  Examples:  Metal pan with a metal handle  Pan on a stove

13. Heat Transfer  Convection  Definition:  Heated fluid circulates to even out temperatures  Hot fluids rise, cold fluids sink  Examples:  Water boiling in a pot  Air in a room

15. Heat Transfer  Radiation  Definition:  Heat released from an object in invisible waves  All objects radiate  Examples:  Sun  Night Vision Goggles

18. Heat Transfer Homework F Q: Refrigerators have cooling coils in the top of them, rather than at the bottom. Explain why. What type of heat transfer helps explain this? F A: Convection- coils are at top because cold air sinks, and cold air must fall/pass through entire fridge to cool it (if at bottom, it would never cool items at top) F Q: Refrigerators have cooling coils in the top of them, rather than at the bottom. Explain why. What type of heat transfer helps explain this? F A: Convection- coils are at top because cold air sinks, and cold air must fall/pass through entire fridge to cool it (if at bottom, it would never cool items at top)

19. Heat Transfer Homework F Q: If you set two identical cups of hot cocoa side by side and set a metal spoon in one, which will cool faster? Explain why. What type of heat transfer helps explain this? F A: Conduction- one with metal spoon cools faster because metal is a better conductor and efficiently transfers heat from cocoa to the air. F Q: If you set two identical cups of hot cocoa side by side and set a metal spoon in one, which will cool faster? Explain why. What type of heat transfer helps explain this? F A: Conduction- one with metal spoon cools faster because metal is a better conductor and efficiently transfers heat from cocoa to the air.

20. Heat Transfer Homework F Q: Why do you get hotter in the summer while wearing a black shirt rather than a white shirt? Explain why. What type of heat transfer helps explain this? F A: Radiation- sun’s invisible waves heat the black shirt better because black absorbs heat hetter than white F Q: Why do you get hotter in the summer while wearing a black shirt rather than a white shirt? Explain why. What type of heat transfer helps explain this? F A: Radiation- sun’s invisible waves heat the black shirt better because black absorbs heat hetter than white

21. All About Air  What is air pressure?  Force exerted by weight of tiny air particles

22. All About Air  What type of weather occurs when there is high pressure?  Cool temperatures and clear skies

23. All About Air  What type of weather occurs when there is low pressure?  Warmer weather, storms and rain

24. All About Air  Where in Earth’s atmosphere is air pressure the least?  At high elevations (less columns of air above)  Ex: Mountains

25. All About Air  Why doesn’t air pressure crush you?  There is air inside your body balances the air pushing from outside  Keeps your body firm

26. All About Air  Where on Earth is air pressure the greatest?  At low elevations, below sea level (more columns of air pushing down)

27. All About Air  What effect does temperature have on air pressure?  Warm air (less particles) = less pressure  Cold air (tighter particles) = greater pressure

28. All About Air  What effect does water vapor have on air pressure?  Air with water vapor WEIGHS LESS (less pressure) than dry air

29. All About Air  What weighs more- cold air or warm air? Explain  Warm air weighs less  Cold air weighs more

30. All About Air  What weighs more- dry air or moist air? Explain  Dry air weighs more than moist air (water vapor is very light!)

31. All About Air  How is air pressure represented on a weather map?  Use isobars (rings) to connect areas of equal pressure

32. All About Air  On the map, create isobars and label where the high pressure and the low pressure systems would be:

33. All About Air  What is an air mass?  Air with a certain temp and amount of moisture covering a large area

34. All About Air  Describe a tropical maritime air mass. What is the abbreviation used for it on a weather map?  Air mass formed over warm water

35. All About Air  Describe a tropical continental air mass. What is the abbreviation used for it on a weather map?  Air mass formed over warm land

36. All About Air  Describe a polar continental air mass. What is the abbreviation used for it on a weather map?  Air mass formed over cool land

37. All About Air  Describe a polar maritime air mass. What is the abbreviation used for it on a weather map?  Air mass formed over cool water

39. All About Air  How are fronts created?  Boundary between two meeting air masses

40. All About Air  How is a warm front created?  Warm air is replacing cold air by going up over it

41. All About Air  What type of weather does a warm front bring?  Warm, light rain for a long time

42. All About Air  How is a cold front created?  Cold air replacing warm air by scooping it into air (clouds form)

43. All About Air  What type of weather does a cold front bring?  Cool, short but heavy precipitation

44. All About Air  How is a stationary front created?  A front that has stopped moving

45. All About Air  What type of weather does a stationary front bring?  Stormy, rainy

46. All About Air  Draw a warm front symbol  Symbol:

47. All About Air  Draw a cold front symbol  Symbol:

48. All About Air  Draw a stationary front symbol  Symbol:

49. All About Air  Label each of the pictures of fronts below as warm, cold or stationary  Map: