1. Mutual Funds For more Information: CNNMoney.com Wiki

2. What This Lecture Covers What are mutual funds Who can invest in mutual funds Your tolerance for risk Types of stock funds S&P 500 Bond funds Choosing funds Buying funds and NAV Commission When a fund does poorly

3. What Are Mutual Funds? Includes stocks, bonds, real estate, and/or other securities Each investor (there are 100s-1000s) gets a part of the total investment

4. Who Can Invest in Mutual Funds Anyone with a few hundred to a few thousand dollars This gives people a bigger portfolio for much less money than it would cost them to invest in each company individually

5. Assess Your Tolerance for Risk Know your tolerance for risk – can you handle big ups and downs, or do you need the stability of a low-risk fund

6. Stock Funds There are many types Value Funds: lower P/E ratios Growth Funds: buy shares in companies that are growing Growth-and Income, Equity-income, Balanced Funds – long-term growth Sector Funds: pick shares in certain sectors – ie. technology, health care, and so forth Index Funds: buy shares in an certain index – for example S&P 500

7. Value Funds Large-cap: look for companies that have fallen, so their prices are lower In this case, may have to wait awhile to get a potential profit Small-cap: look for small companies worth less that have not been picked by other investors

8. Growth Funds Aggressive: buy taking risks; may do better than others over the long run, but can fall too Others: some may invest in companies that are growing quickly, but more typically focus on big, established names When experiencing a bull market, may not do as well, but when in a bear market, may not suffer as much

9. Growth-and-income, Equity-Income, Balanced Funds Consistent long-term growth All have some dividend-paying stocks, income-producing securities (like bonds) Lowest yields because focus on growth Balanced have 50-60% in stocks, and the rest in bonds (so highest yields)

10. Sector Funds As said before, will focus on a particular sector Volatile – as may do really well one year and not the next

11. S&P Index and Index Funds Many funds follow the performance of the S&P 500 by containing the same stocks as the index, and in the same proportions, which allows them to match its performance (before fees and expenses). A company added to the list may see an increase in its stock price as the managers of the mutual funds must purchase that company's stock in order to keep the funds the same as that of the S&P 500 index.

12. S&P 500 a stock market index consisting of 500 Large-Cap corporations from the United States. Large-Cap means the companies have equity of approximately $5 billion dollars owned and maintained by Standard & Poor's All stocks are traded on NYSE or NASDAQ

13. Bond Funds Government bonds Corporate bond funds High-yield bond funds (junk bonds) Municipal bond funds

14. US Government Bond Funds Credit risk is not a worry, since investing in government However, returns are usually smaller than others, because less risky Can fluctuate with interest rates Short-term is for those who do not want to worry about a change in interest rates

15. Corporate Bond Funds Issued by companies that can be well-known or obscure You want to check the credit quality of the bonds Longer the maturity, the greater chance for success or loss

16. High-Yield Bond Funds Junk bonds Consist of new or small businesses, as well as larger, known companies that are not doing well Higher risk, so higher potential yields Do well when economy is doing well and vice-versa

17. Municipal Bond Funds Issued by cities, states, and other local governments These are tax-exempt – do not pay taxes on any dividends

18. Assessing Risk of Funds Look at three things: a fund’s biggest quarterly loss Beta: how much a fund fluctuates against the S&P 500 Standard deviation: how much a fund differs (higher or lower) from its average return. Higher deviation means more risk

19. Choosing Stock Funds Funds differ in the fees that they charge; all your profit could disappear with the fees Index funds are recommended because they usually have lower fees; they tend to change less than “active” funds Choose a fund that is consistent – not just one that is doing well right now

20. Buying Prices are determined by its NAV NAV is the total value of the securities the fund owns divided by the number of shares For example, if the fund is worth $40 million, and there are a million shares, its NAV is $40 The NAV will change every day – you use it to buy and sell

21. Commission When buying, you may pay a commission if you purchase from a – Broker – Financial planner – Insurance agent – Other adviser

22. When a Fund Does Poorly Try not to get rid of a fund if it is not performing as well Wait and watch first Seek advice if it continues to stay below its old value